Congenital Vascular Malformations:A Comprehensive Review of Current Management

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Young-Wook Kim MD PhD, professor in Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center

Byung-Bong Lee MD PhD, professor in Surgery, George Washington University, George Washington University Medical Center

Wyane F. Yakes MD, Director at Vascular Malformation Center

Young-Soo Do MD PhD, professor in Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Samsung Medical Center

This book is a superbly illustrated guide to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) that will enable the reader to avoid the serious pitfalls that may arise when caring for patients with this rare and complex group of lesions. After discussion of pathogenesis, classification, and differential diagnosis from vascular tumors, the clinical features of CVMs are described and illustrated, covering both the various forms (venous, arteriovenous, lymphatic, capillary, and mixed) and presentations at different anatomic sites. The current role of CT, MRI, scintigraphy, and angiography in diagnostic evaluation is explained, and treatment options, including conservative treatment, are then considered in detail. The discussion of endovascular treatment, or embolo-sclerotherapy, includes instruction on patient selection, embolic and sclerosing materials, access to the target lesion, site-specific variations in treatment strategy, and complications and their management. Indications for and performance of surgical/excisional therapy and laser therapy are also fully considered.


Table of Contents

Part I: Introduction

01: Congenital Vascular Malformations: An Historical Account
02: Embryological Background of Congenital Vascular Malformations

Part II: Pathogenesis of Congenital Vascular Malformation (CVM)

03: Angiogenesis and Vascular Malformations
04: Genetic Aspects of Vascular Malformations
05: Epidemiologic Aspect of Congenital Vascular Malformation
06: Provoking Factors for Aggravation of Congenital Vascular Malformation

Part III: Classification and Definition/Nomenclature

07: General Overview
08: ISSVA Classification of Vascular Anomalies
09: Hamburg Classification: Vascular Malformation
10: Angiographic Classification: Arteriovenous Malformation and Venous Malformation
11: New Arteriographic Classification of AVM Based on the Yakes Classification System

Part IV: Contemporary Diagnosis of CVM: Clinical Features and Evaluation

12: General Overview
13: Differential Diagnosis from Hemangioma
14: Venous Malformation of the Head and Neck and Extremities
15: Venous Malformation: Truncular Form
16: Hemolymphatic Malformation: Mixed Form Congenital Vascular Malformation
17: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): Clinical Features and Evaluation
18: Lymphatic Malformation (LM) (Extratruncular): Lymphangioma
19: Truncular Lymphatic Malformation (LM): Primary Lymphedema
20: Clinical Features and Evaluation of Superficial & Deep Capillary Malformation (CM)

Part V: Contemporary Diagnosis of CVM: Imaging Modalities

21: Contemporary Diagnosis: Imaging Modalities – Overview
22: Contemporary Diagnosis: MRI and MRA
23: Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Congenital Vascular Malformation
24: CT and CT Angiogram in the Diagnosis of Congenital Vascular Malformations
25: Radionuclide Scintigraphy for Congenital Vascular Malformations
26: Indocyanine Green (ICG) Lymphography
27: Microscopic Lymphangiography
28: MR Lymphangiography

Part VI: Contemporary Management of CVM

29: Management of Congenital Vascular Malformation: Overview
30: Endovascular Treatment of Vascular Malformation: An Overview
31: Endovascular Treatment of Venous Malformation in the Head and Neck, Trunk, and Extremities
32: Endovascular Treatment of AVMs: Head and Neck
33: Endovascular Treatment of AVM: Trunk and Extremity
34: Management of Lymphatic Malformations
35: Complications of Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Congenital Vascular Malformations
36: Surgical Treatment of Low-Flow CVM
37: Surgical Treatment for High-Flow CVM
38: Combined Surgical and Endovascular Approaches
39: Management of Deep Vein Aplasia, Hypoplasia, and Lateral Marginal Vein
40: Surgical Treatments for Lymphedema
41: Complex Decongestive Therapy of Primary Lymphedema
42: Laser Therapy of Superficial and Deep Capillary Malformation (CM): Principles of Laser Techno
43: Conservative/Medical Treatment of CVM

Part VII: Special Issue in the CVM Management

44: Multidisciplinary Team Approach for Patients with Congenital Vascular Malformation (CVM): Expe
45: Congenital Vascular Bone Syndrome: Limb Length Discrepancy
46: Biological Approaches to the Aggressive CVM Lesion (Antiangiogenic Therapy)
47: Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
48: Treatment Strategy on Chylolymphatic/Lymphatic Reflux
49: Treatment Strategy on Neonatal and Infant CVMs

References

Epilogue

Index