Management of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis-1판

Table of Contents

1. Facial Nerve and Muscle Anatomy
Introduction
Facial Nerve
Microscopic Anatomy
Facial Muscles
Conclusion

2. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis
Etiology and Epidemiology
The Facial Neuromuscular Network
When A Nerve Is Injured
Proposed Mechanisms for Synkinesis
Summary

3. Psychosocial Impact of Facial Palsy
Introduction
Psychosocial Consequences of Facial Palsy
Coping Mechanisms of Facial Palsy
Treatment Considerations
Conclusion

4. Facial Nerve Consultation
Introduction
History
Physical Examination
Radiology and Electrodiagnostics
Management
Conclusion

5. Smile Analysis for Facial Nerve Disorders
Introduction
Relevant Muscle and Facial Nerve Anatomy
Smile Analysis and Examination
Conclusion

6. The Role of Botulinum Toxin in Facial Palsy Management
Introduction
Synkinesis: Pathophysiology
Principles of Treatment
Botulinum Toxin
Clinical Application
Caveats
Future Perspectives
Acknowledgements

7. Assessment and Grading of Synkinesisand Facial Palsy
Introduction
Documenting Facial Nerve Function
Assessment in General
More Objective Grading Of Facial Function
So where are we now? Conclusion

8. Objective Measurement of Outcomes inFacial Palsy

9. Facial Neuromuscular Retraining for Synkinesis
Introduction
Facial Neuromuscular Retraining
Synkinesis
The fNMR Process
Training Synkinesis—Education and Feedback
Training Synkinesis—Specific Strategies
fNMR and Botulinum Toxin
Conclusion

10. Eyelid Rehabilitation in Post-Facial Paralysis With Synkinesis
Periorbital Synkinesis
Anatomy
Clinical Examination
Evaluation of Synkinesis
Management
Conclusion

11. Surgical Management of Post-FacialParalysis Synkinesis
Introduction
Masseteric-Facial Nerve Transfer
Static Sling
Gracilis Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Modified Selective Neurectomy
Conclusion
Appendix. Instructions for Sonography of the Mimic Musculature
Index


PREFACE

From the use of specialist facial therapy and concurrent chemodenervation to the surgical revolution of
selective neurolysis, synkinesis management is rapidly evolving as better tools become available to diagnose,
assess, and personalize care. Management of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis is the first book to focus
exclusively on this common consequence of facial paralysis, providing authoritative coverage of recent
advances in assessment as well as non-surgical and surgical treatment. Drs. Babak Azizzadeh and Charles Nduka
lead an author team of international, multidisciplinary experts who fully explore the causes, clinical
presentations, and management of synkinesis.