Quick Guide to Kidney Transplantation-1판

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors

1. Transplant Immunobiology
ABO BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN MOLECULES
HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN–TYPING TECHNIQUES
Serotyping
DNA typing
Human leukocyte antigen nomenclature
MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN
NON–HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS
ALLORECOGNITION PATHWAYS: DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND SEMIDIRECT ALLORECOGNITION
HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ALLOSENSITIZATION
TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF ANTI–HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ANTIBODIES: GENERAL CONCEPTS
CELL-BASED CYTOTOXICITY PANEL REACTIVE ANTIBODY ASSAY
SOLID-PHASE ASSAYS USING LUMINEX TECHNOLOGY
PRETRANSPLANTATION CROSSMATCH
VIRTUAL CROSSMATCH
IMMUNOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES
REFERENCES

2. Immunosuppression
THE THREE-SIGNAL MODEL OF ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSES
TARGETS OF VARIOUS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PROTOCOL
SIDE EFFECT PROFILES, DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS, NURSING AND DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS
OTHER IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS (ALSO SUMMARIZED IN CHAPTER 3)
REFERENCES

3. Allograft Rejection: Types and Treatment Strategies
ALLOGRAFT REJECTION: HYPERACUTE, ACUTE, AND CHRONIC
Hyperacute rejection
Acute rejection
Chronic rejection
TREATMENT OF ACUTE REJECTION
Overview
Treatment of acute T cell–mediated rejection based on Banff classification
Treatment of chronic active T cell–mediated rejection
Treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection
Donor-specific antibody testing after plasmapheresis or plasma exchange to assess treatment response
IVIG and rituximab recycling process
Treatment of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection
Manipulation of maintenance immunosuppression following treatment of acute T cell–mediated rejection or acute antibody-
mediated rejection
Suggested prophylactic antibiotics and antiviral therapy following treatment of acute rejection episodes (practice may vary
among transplant centers)
POSTTRANSPLANT IMMUNE MONITORING/SURVEILLANCE
REFERENCES

4. Evaluation of the Potential Kidney Transplant Candidates
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION VERSUS DIALYSIS
KIDNEY TRANSPLANT EVALUATION PROCESS AND GENERAL ASSESSMENT
EVALUATION BY ORGAN SYSTEM
PATIENTS WITH SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
SPECIFIC KIDNEY DISEASE
END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
HIGHLY SENSITIZED CANDIDATES
EVALUATION OF PATIENTS FOR A REPEAT TRANSPLANT
REFERENCES

5. Living Donor Evaluation
GENERAL EVALUATION
EVALUATION FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
HEREDITARY RENAL DISEASE
INFECTIOUS DISEASE SCREENING
CANCER SCREENING
PREGNANCY
MEDICAL CLEARANCE FOR DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
SURGICAL EVALUATION
DONOR SAFETY AND LONG-TERM RENAL FUNCTION
REFERENCES

6. Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation, Strategies to Expand the Living Donor Pool, and Waitlist Management
UNITED NETWORK FOR ORGAN SHARING LISTING CRITERIA
DECEASED DONOR KIDNEY ALLOCATION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES
STRATEGIES TO EXPAND THE LIVING DONOR POOL
Laws, ethics, and financial aspects of living kidney donation
Patient education
Living donor options
Kidney paired donation registries and organ import/export exchange coordination of care
WAITLIST MANAGEMENT
Factors affecting waiting time
Kidney donor options to reduce waiting time
Waitlist management dynamics
United Network for Organ Sharing listing status
ONGOING HEALTH MAINTENANCE AND SCREENING
Cancer screening
Acquired cystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma screening
Cardiovascular screening
Infectious disease screening
REFERENCES

7. Early and Late Posttransplant Graft Dysfunction
GENERAL ASSESSMENT
GRAFT DYSFUNCTION IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD (FIRST POSTOPERATIVE WEEK)
GRAFT DYSFUNCTION IN THE EARLY POSTTRANSPLANT PERIOD (1 WEEK TO 3 MONTHS POSTTRANSPLANT)
GRAFT DYSFUNCTION IN THE LATE POSTTRANSPLANT PERIOD (>3 MONTHS)
REFERENCES

8. Glomerular Disease Recurrence After Transplantation
BACKGROUND
IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY
Pathophysiology of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in native kidneys
Recurrence of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Treatment
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
Pathophysiology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in native kidneys
Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Clinical presentation
Treatment
MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Pathophysiology of membranous nephropathy in native kidneys
Recurrence of membranous nephropathy
Clinical manifestations
Treatment
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Pathogenesis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in native kidneys
Recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Treatment
ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
Recurrence of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Clinical presentation
Treatment
LUPUS NEPHRITIS
Pathophysiology of lupus nephritis in native kidneys
Recurrence of lupus nephritis
Treatment
ANTI–GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE
Pathophysiology of anti–glomerular basement membrane disease in native kidneys
Recurrence of anti–glomerular basement membrane disease
Treatment
ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC AUTOANTIBODY–ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS
Pathophysiology of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody–associated vasculitis
Recurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody–associated vasculitis
Clinical presentation
Treatment
REFERENCES

9. Kidney Allograft Biopsy: Banff Classification and Other Transplant Histopathology
GENERAL OVERVIEW
BANFF CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES
OTHERS (NOT CLASSIFIED UNDER BANFF CATEGORIES)
REFERENCES

10. Common Posttransplant Abnormal Laboratory Findings
POSTTRANSPLANT ANEMIA
LEUKOPENIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA
POSTTRANSPLANT ERYTHROCYTOSIS
COMMON ELECTROLYTE, ACID-BASE, AND CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS ABNORMALITIES
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia
Acid-base disorders
ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
REFERENCES

11. Mineral and Bone Disorders After Kidney Transplantation
CALCIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PARATHYROID HORMONE
VITAMIN D
BONE DISEASE
Spectrum of bone disease
REFERENCES

12. Urologic Considerations in the Kidney Transplant Patient
PRETRANSPLANT UROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
THE IMMEDIATE POSTTRANSPLANT PERIOD
LONG-TERM UROLOGIC CONCERNS
OTHER UROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
REFERENCES

13. Posttransplantation Infectious Complications and Vaccinations
VACCINATIONS
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL VACCINATION RECOMMENDATIONS/WEBSITE
RISK FACTORS FOR POSTTRANSPLANTATION INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS
TIMETABLE OF POSTTRANSPLANTATION INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS
RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTION WORKUP AND MANAGEMENT
SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMON POSTTRANSPLANTATION VIRAL INFECTIONS
Cytomegalovirus
BK polyomavirus
Commonly encountered viral infections
Posttransplantation diarrhea and common gastrointestinal infections
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS: WHAT TO DO
REFERENCES

14. Posttransplantation Cardiovascular Disease
POSTTRANSPLANTATION HYPERTENSION
POSTTRANSPLANTATION DYSLIPIDEMIA
POSTTRANSPLANTATION DIABETES MELLITUS
General overview
Screening and management of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus
POSTTRANSPLANTATION OBESITY
CIGARETTE SMOKING
POSTTRANSPLANTATION PROTEINURIA
REFERENCES

15. Posttransplantation Malignancies
GENERAL OVERVIEW
SKIN CANCERS
POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER (PTLD)
KAPOSI SARCOMA
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
COLORECTAL CANCER
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
REFERENCES
16. Kidney Transplantation in Dual Organ Transplantation
KIDNEY ALLOCATION IN DUAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
SIMULTANEOUS LIVER-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
TRANSPLANT OPTIONS FOR TYPE I DIABETICS WITH DIABETIC END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
SIMULTANEOUS HEART-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
REFERENCES

17. Nutrition Care for Adult Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients
NUTRITION: GENERAL OVERVIEW
PRETRANSPLANT
Nutrition assessment pretransplant
Nutrition-related evaluation/waitlist concerns
Malnutrition
Metabolic Bone Disease
Adherence
POSTTRANSPLANT
Early concerns (first 6-8 weeks posttransplant period)
Nutrient needs
Postoperative feeding
Nutrient-drug interactions/side effects
Food safety
Long-term concerns
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension
Weight management
Osteoporosis/posttransplant bone disease
Herbal supplements
Prebiotics/probiotics
Alcohol
Special considerations
Bariatric Surgery
REFERENCES

18. Management of Patients with a Failed Transplant
TIMING OF DIALYSIS REINITIATION
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION MANAGEMENT
GRAFT INTOLERANCE SYNDROME
INDICATIONS FOR ALLOGRAFT NEPHRECTOMY
THE IMPACT OF GRAFT NEPHRECTOMY ON A REPEAT TRANSPLANT
ALLOGRAFT NEPHRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH GRAFT LOSS DUE TO BK NEPHROPATHY
REFERENCES

19. Modern Age Transplantation Issues
ORGAN TRAFFICKING AND TRANSPLANT TOURISM
MARIJUANA IN TRANSPLANTATION
Overview
Marijuana policy
“Medical marijuana”
Cannabis use disorder
Marijuana harms
REFERENCES

20. Frequently Asked Questions
REFERENCES
Index