Nunn and Lumb's Applied Respiratory Physiology-9판

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Foreword
Preface to the ninth edition
Videos table of contents

Part 1: Basic Principles

1. Functional anatomy of the respiratory tract
Mouth, nose and pharynx
The larynx
The tracheobronchial tree
The alveoli
Alveolar cell types
The pulmonary vasculature
Chapter 1 summary—functional anatomy of the respiratory tract
References

2. Elastic forces and lung volumes
Elastic recoil of the lungs
Elastic recoil of the thoracic cage
Pressure–volume relationships of the lung plus thoracic cage
Static lung volumes
Principles of measurement of compliance
Principles of measurement of static lung volumes
Chapter 2 summary—elastic forces and lung volumes
References

3. Respiratory system resistance
Physical principles of gas flow and resistance
Respiratory system resistance
Factors affecting respiratory resistance
Muscular control of airway diameter
Drug effects on airway smooth muscle
Compensation for increased resistance to breathing
Principles of measurement of respiratory resistance and closing capacity
Chapter 3 summary—respiratory system resistance
References

4. Control of breathing
The origin of the respiratory rhythm
Central nervous system connections to the respiratory centre
Peripheral input to the respiratory centre and nonchemical reflexes
The influence of carbon dioxide on respiratory control
The influence of oxygen on respiratory control
Periodic breathing
Breath holding
Drug effects on the control of breathing
Methods for assessment of breathing control
Chapter 4 summary—control of breathing
References

5. Pulmonary ventilation
Upper airway muscles
Respiratory muscles of the trunk
Integration of respiratory muscle activity
Neuronal control of respiratory muscles
Respiratory muscle fatigue and disuse
The work of breathing
Measurement of ventilation
Measurement of ventilatory capacity
Assessment of the respiratory muscles
Chapter 5 summary—pulmonary ventilation
References

6. The pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary blood flow
Pulmonary blood volume
Pulmonary vascular pressures
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Passive changes in pulmonary vascular resistance
Active control of pulmonary vascular resistance
Drug effects on the pulmonary circulation
Principles of measurement of the pulmonary circulation
Chapter 6 summary—the pulmonary circulation
References

7. Distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion
Distribution of ventilation
Distribution of perfusion
Ventilation in relation to perfusion
Dead space
Venous admixture or shunt
The effect of scatter of ratios on arterial Po2
Principles of assessment of distribution of ventilation and pulmonary blood flow
Chapter 7 summary—distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion
References

8. Diffusion of respiratory gases
Fundamentals of the diffusion process
Diffusion of oxygen in the lungs
Diffusion of carbon dioxide in the lungs
Diffusion of carbon monoxide in the lungs
Factors affecting diffusing capacity
Diffusion of oxygen in the tissues
Principles of measurement of diffusing capacity
Chapter 8 summary—diffusion of respiratory gases
References

9. Carbon dioxide
Carriage of carbon dioxide in blood
Factors influencing the Pco2 in the steady state
Carbon dioxide stores and the unsteady state
Apnoea
Carbon dioxide carriage during hypothermia
Outline of methods of measurement of carbon dioxide
Chapter 9 summary—carbon dioxide
References

10. Oxygen
Oxygen cascade
Carriage of oxygen in the blood
Role of oxygen in the cell
Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the cell
Oxygen stores
Cyanosis
Principles of measurement of oxygen levels
Measurement of oxygen consumption and delivery
Chapter 10 summary—oxygen
References

11. Nonrespiratory functions of the lung
Filtration
Defence against inhaled substances
Chemical hazards
Processing of endogenous compounds by the pulmonary vasculature
Pharmacokinetics and the lung
The endocrine lung
Chapter 11 summary—nonrespiratory functions of the lung
References

Part 2: Applied Physiology

12. Pregnancy, neonates and children
Respiratory function in pregnancy
The lungs before birth
Events at birth
Neonatal lung function
Premature birth and the lungs
Sudden infant death syndrome
Development of lung function during childhood
Chapter 12 summary—pregnancy, neonates and children
References

13. Exercise
Oxygen consumption during exercise
Anaerobic metabolism
Ventilatory response to exercise
Fitness and training
Chapter 13 summary—exercise
References

14. Sleep
Normal sleep
Sleep-disordered breathing
Chapter 14 summary—sleep
References

15. Obesity
Respiratory physiology of obesity
Impact of obesity on lung disease
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Chapter 15 summary—obesity
References

16. High altitude and flying
Respiratory system responses to altitude
Altitude illness
Flying
Chapter 16 summary—high altitude and flying
References

17. High pressure and diving
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Effects attributable to the composition of the inspired gas
Types of diving activity and their respiratory effects
Respiratory aspects of decompression illness
Chapter 17 summary—high pressure and diving
References

18. Respiration in closed environments and space
Closed-system anaesthesia
Submarines
Space
Microgravity
Biospheres
Chapter 18 summary—respiration in closed environments and space
References

19. Drowning
Physiology of immersion
Physiological mechanisms of drowning
The role of hypothermia
Principles of therapy for near-drowning
Chapter 19 summary—drowning
References

20. Smoking and air pollution
Tobacco smoke
Mechanisms of smoking-related lung damage
Air pollution
Chapter 20 summary—smoking and air pollution
References

21. Anaesthesia
Control of breathing
Pattern of contraction of respiratory muscles
Change in functional residual capacity
Atelectasis during anaesthesia
Respiratory mechanics
Gas exchange
Other effects of general anaesthesia on the respiratory system
Anaesthesia in specific patient groups
Special circumstances relevant during anaesthesia
Regional anaesthesia
Respiratory function in the postoperative period
Chapter 21 Summary—anaesthesia
References

22. Changes in the carbon dioxide partial pressure
Causes of hypocapnia
Causes of hypercapnia
Effects of carbon dioxide on the nervous system
Effects on other body systems
Hypercapnia in clinical practice
Chapter 22 Summary—changes in the carbon dioxide partial pressure
References

23. Hypoxia
Biochemical changes in hypoxia
Mechanisms of hypoxic cell damage
Po2 level at which hypoxia occurs
Effects of hypoxia
Chapter 23 Summary—hypoxia
References

24. Anaemia
Pulmonary function
Oxygen delivery
Anaemia and exercise
Anaemia in the clinical setting?
Chapter 24 Summary—anaemia
References

25. Oxygen toxicity and hyperoxia
Hyperoxia
Oxygen toxicity
Defences against reactive oxygen species
Normobaric hyperoxia
Clinical effects of normobaric hyperoxia
Hyperbaric hyperoxia
Chapter 25 Summary—oxygen toxicity and hyperoxia
References

26. Comparative respiratory physiology
Designs of respiratory system
Respiratory systems of major phyla
Carriage of gases in blood
Animals at physiological extremes
Pathophysiology of animal respiratory diseases in veterinary practice
Chapter 26 Summary—comparative respiratory physiology
References

Part 3: Physiology of Pulmonary Disease

27. Ventilatory failure
Pattern of changes in arterial blood gases
Causes of ventilatory failure
Relationship between ventilatory capacity and ventilatory failure
Breathlessness
Principles of therapy for ventilatory failure
Chapter 27 Summary—ventilatory failure
References

28. Airways disease
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cystic fibrosis
Chapter 28 Summary—airways disease
References

29. Pulmonary vascular disease
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Chapter 29 Summary—pulmonary vascular disease
References

30. Diseases of the lung parenchyma and pleura
Pulmonary collapse
Pulmonary consolidation (pneumonia)
Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis
Lung cancer
Pleural disease
Chapter 30 Summary—diseases of the lung parenchyma and pleura
References

31. Acute lung injury
Clinical aspects of acute lung injury
Mechanisms of acute lung injury
Principles of therapy
Chapter 31 summary—acute lung injury
References

32. Respiratory support and artificial ventilation
Respiratory physiotherapy
Noninvasive ventilation
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation
Clinical use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation
Positive end-expiratory pressure
Physiological effects of positive pressure ventilation
Ventilator-induced lung injury
Artificial ventilation for resuscitation
Extrapulmonary gas exchange
Chapter 32 summary—respiratory support and artificial ventilation
References

33. Pulmonary surgery
Physiological aspects of common interventions
One-lung ventilation
Lung transplantation
Chapter 33 summary—pulmonary surgery
References
Online Content

34. The atmosphere
Evolution of the atmosphere
The greenhouse effect
Turnover rates of atmospheric gases
Oxygen, ozone and ultraviolet screening
Evolution and adaptation
References

35. The history of respiratory physiology
Ancient civilizations
The renaissance
Experimental physiology in the 17th century
Chemistry and respiration
Early development of current ideas of respiratory physiology
References
Appendix A: Physical quantities and units of measurement
Appendix B: The gas laws
Appendix C: Conversion factors for gas volumes
Appendix D: Symbols and abbreviations
Appendix E: Mathematical functions relevant to respiratory physiology
Index