Global Landscape of Nutrition Challenges in Infants and Children

Cover Page
Front Matter
Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
Pediatric Nutrition: Challenges and Approaches to Address Them
Global Landscape of Malnutrition in Infants and Young Children
Abstract
The Burden of Malnutrition in All Its Forms
Progress Toward Addressing Malnutrition: Some Examples from the Literature
Understanding the Etiology of Malnutrition
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
When Does It All Begin: What, When, and How Young Children Are Fed
Abstract
Introduction
Disclosure Statement
References
Improving Children’s Diet: Approach and Progress
Abstract
Introduction
Summary
Disclosure Statement
References
The Importance of Food Composition Data for Estimating Micronutrient Intake: What Do We Know Now and into
the Future?
Abstract
Introduction
FCT/FCDB: Sources of Data
Limitations and Quality Considerations for Using FCT/FCDB
Global Availability of FCT/FCDB
Global Initiatives, Challenges, and Opportunities
Concluding Remarks
Disclosure Statement
References
Balancing Safety and Potential for Impact in Universal Iron Interventions
Abstract
Introduction
Determinants of Anemia
Evidence of Benefits from Universal Iron Interventions
Evidence of Risk
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Disclosure Statement
References
Summary on Pediatric Nutrition: Challenges and Approaches to Address Them
References
Role of Milk in Early Life
Human Milk as the First Source of Micronutrients
Abstract
Importance of Human Milk
Importance of Measuring Micronutrient Concentrations in Human Milk
Micronutrients That May Not Be Adequate in Breast Milk
Situations That Can Put Breastfed Infants at Risk of Micronutrient Deficiencies
New Developments in Human Milk Micronutrient Research
Effects of Maternal Supplementation on Vitamins in Human Milk
Establishing Reference Values for Micronutrients in Human Milk
Acknowledgments
Disclosure Statement
References
Role of Milk and Dairy Products in Growth of the Child
Abstract
Introduction
Cow’s Milk and Linear Growth
The Effects of Cow’s Milk on Other Growth Outcomes
Conclusions
Disclosure Statement
References
Vitamin B12: An Intergenerational Story
Abstract
Conventional Wisdom: Pernicious Anemia versus Nutrient Deficiency (Table 1)
Folate versus B12
Folic Acid versus Folate
B12 Studies in India
Acknowledgments
Disclosure Statement
References
Vegan Diet in Young Children
Abstract
Nutrient Coverage of a Vegan Diet
Recommendations and Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Role of Optimized Plant Protein Combinations as a Low-Cost Alternative to Dairy Ingredients in Foods for
Prevention and Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition and Severe Acute Malnutrition
Abstract
Background
SAM Treatment
Moderate Acute Malnutrition Treatment
Alternative SAM Treatments
Alternative MAM Treatments
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement
References
Summary on the Role of Milk in Early Life
References
Environmental Impacts on Nutrition
Environmental and Physiological Barriers to Child Growth and Development
Abstract
Introduction
The Possible Effects of “Silent” Subclinical Infections
Environmental Enteric Disease
Aflatoxin Exposure
Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation
Thresholds of Environmental Hygiene That Must Be Attained to Normalize Child Growth
Future Prospects
Disclosure Statement
References
The Gut Microbiome in Child Malnutrition
Abstract
The Global Burden of Child Malnutrition
Child Malnutrition as a Microbial Disorder
Succession of a Healthy Infant Gut Microbiome
The Microbiome of Stunting
The Microbiome of Wasting
Dietary Insufficiencies, Gut Microbiome, and Undernutrition
Targeting the Gut Microbiome in Child Malnutrition
Conclusions
Funding Sources
Disclosure Statement
References
Intergenerational Influences on Child Development: An Epigenetic Perspective
Abstract
Disclosure Statement
References
Summarizing the Child Growth and Diarrhea Findings of the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Benefits and
Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy Trials
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Findings
Implications
Disclosure Statement
References
Summary of Environmental Impacts on Nutrition
References
Subject Index