Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases-10판

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
Part 1 Clinical Practice in the Tropics
Section A Organ-Based Chapters
1 Tropical Lung Diseases
Introduction
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Parasitic and Other Pulmonary Infections in the Tropics
Eosinophilic Pneumonias
Non-Communicable Lung Diseases
Pleural Effusion
Non-Tuberculous Granulomatous Lung Disease
Occupational and Dust Lung Diseases
References
2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Common Syndromes of Cardiovascular Disease in the Tropics
Pediatric Consideration: Congenital Heart Disease
References
3 Gastrointestinal Diseases
Presentations
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Anatomic Differentials
Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients With HIV/AIDS
References
4 Hepatobiliary Diseases
Introduction
Approach to Liver Disease
Hepatitis and Jaundice
Vascular Liver Disease (see Table 4.2)
Focal Liver Lesions
HIV and the Liver
References
5 Hematologic Diseases
Red Cell Disorders
White Cell Disorders
Disorders of Hemostasis
References
6 Genitourinary Diseases
Communicable Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary Tract
Non-Communicable Genitourinary Diseases
References
7 Sexually Transmitted Infections
Epidemiology of STIs
Clinical Management of STIs
Key STI Syndromes
Control of STIs
References
8 Tropical Dermatology
Vesicles/Bullae
Vascular Papules and Nodules (Angiomatous Lesions)
Petechiae and Purpura
Ulcers/Verrucous Plaques
Painless Papules
Painful Papules/Urticaria
Pruritus and Papules
Pruritus Without Primary Skin Lesions
Hypopigmentation
Morbilliform Exanthems
Papulosquamous and Eczematoid Lesions
Erythroderma
Icthyosis
Serpiginous Lesions
Edema
Cachexia: Nutritional Deficiencies
References
9 Ophthalmologic Diseases
Introduction
Differential Diagnosis of the Painful, Red Eye: Key Syndromes
Chronic Diseases
References
10 Neurologic Diseases
Meningism and Meningitis
Encephalopathy and Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Dementia and Cognitive Impairment
Hemiparesis
Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Syndromes
References
11 Psychiatric Diseases
Getting Organized
Culture and Mental Health
Assessment
Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Common Syndromes (Box 11.1)
References
Further Reading
12 Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
Global Burden of ENT Diseases
Deafness and Hearing Impairment
Cleft Lip and Palate
Nose and Throat Infections
Head and Neck Neoplasms
References
13 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Introduction
Trauma and Injury
Orthopedic Infections
Pediatric Conditions
Age-Related Conditions
References
Section B Skills-Based Chapters
14 General Surgery in the Tropics
Introduction
Practical Aspects of Surgery in Low-Resource Settings
An Overview of Surgical Practice in the Tropics
Topics of Interest to Surgeons and Non-Surgeons
Conclusion
References
15 Oral Health and Disease in the Tropics
Introduction
Background Information
Examining the Oral-Maxillofacial Complex
Dental Caries
Oral Mucosal Lesions (Including Oral Cancer), Other Tumors, and Noma
Oral Maxillofacial Trauma
References
16 Maternal and Newborn Health
Global Targets and Indicators for Maternal and Newborn Health
Maternal Mortality
Causes of Maternal Mortality뾚hy Do Women Die?
Perinatal Mortality
Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity
Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity
References
17 Pediatrics in a Resource-Constrained Setting
Preventive Schemes
Sustainable Development Goals
References
Section C Service-Based Chapters
18 Diagnostic Imaging in the Tropics
Introduction
Equipment and Service Development
Personnel
The Imaging of Tropical Infectious Diseases
References
19 Blood Transfusion in Resource-Limited Settings
Introduction
Blood Supply and Safety
Clinical Use of Blood Transfusion
References
20 Infection Prevention and Control in the Tropics
Introduction
Basics of Infection Control
Infection Control Practices to Decrease the Risk of Infection Transmission
Surveillance for Health Care뺸ssociated Infections
Special Problems of the Tropics
References
21 Microbiology
Introduction
The Need for Laboratory Services
What Are the Problems for Laboratory Services?
What Can Be Done to Improve Laboratory Services?
The Importance of Biosafety
What Tests Should Be Available?
Conclusion
References
Section D Topic-Based Chapters
22 Approach to the Patient With Diarrhea
Key Syndromes
Clinical Evaluation
Laboratory Investigations
Management and Outcomes
References
23 Cancer in the Tropics
Introduction
Infection and Malignancy
Tobacco
Obesity
References
24 Heat-Associated Illness
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Assessment and Investigations
Diagnosis
Management and Outcomes
References
25 Traditional Medicine
Definition
General Principles
Why Is It Important for Physicians in the Tropics to Know About Traditional Medicine?
Effectiveness
Safety of Traditional Medicine
Traditional and Modern Health Systems: the Need for Cooperation
Development of New Drugs and Treatments: Intellectual Property Rights
Clinical Scenarios
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
26 Environmental Health Hazards in the Tropics
Introduction
Exposure Concepts
Major Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Recognition of Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Control and Reduction of Environmental Hazards
Global Efforts
References
27 Neglected Tropical Diseases
Introduction
Mass Drug Administration
Integrated MDA for Control and Elimination
Conclusion
References
28 Health Systems and Health Care Delivery
Introduction
Leadership and Governance
Health Care Financing
Health Workforce
Medical Products and Technologies
Health Information and Research
Health Care Service Delivery
References
29 The Health Care Response to Disasters, Complex Emergencies, and Population Displacement
The Health Effects of Complex Emergencies
Health Response and International Standards: the Sphere Project
Role of Emerging Technologies
Summary
References
Part 2 Viral Diseases
30 Introduction and General Principles
Introduction
Epidemiologic Considerations
Clinical Syndromes and Pathogenesis
Diagnostic Challenges
Opportunities for Treatment
Disease Control
References
31 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Introduction
Molecular Epidemiology
Modes of Transmission
Geographic Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Manifestations and Management of HIV Infection and Complications of HIV
Select Major Opportunistic Infections and Co-Infections
The Approach to Common Clinical Presentations
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Initial Evaluation of the Newly Diagnosed Patient
AntiRetroviral Therapy
Prevention of Opportunistic Infections
Chronic Primary Care Considerations
Primary HIV Prevention
Palliative Care
Key Features
HIV and Tuberculosis
HIV and Malaria
HIV And Streptococcus pneumoniae
References
Further Reading
References
32 Viral Infections With Cutaneous Lesions
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
33 Viral Respiratory Infections
Introduction
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Syndromes and Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
34 Viral Gastroenteritis
Introduction
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Disclaimer
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
35 Viral Hepatitis
Introduction
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation
Treatment and Prevention
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features and Natural History
Diagnosis
Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
References
References
36 Viral Febrile Illnesses and Emerging Pathogens
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Heartland Virus Disease
Sandfly Fever
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
References
37 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Acknowledgment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Ecology and Transmission
Disease Presentation
Pathogenesis
Laboratory Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Vaccines
Disclaimer
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential DiagnosIs
Treatment and Prevention
Disclaimer
References
38 Viral CNS Infections
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
Control of Animal Rabies
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Part 3 Bacterial Infections
Section A Infections of the Eye and Throat
39 Trachoma and Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Inclusion Conjunctivitis
References
40 Group A Streptococcus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
41 Diphtheria
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
Section B Respiratory Tract Infections
42 Bacterial Pneumonia
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Good Clinical Practice
Prevention and Control
References
43 Tuberculosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Monitoring Treatment Response
Treatment
TB and Children
Future Prospects
Reference
44 Pertussis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Patient Evaluation
Treatment
Immunization Strategies
References
Section C Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
45 Helicobacter pylori Infection
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
46 Escherichia coli Diarrhea
Introduction
Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
47 Cholera and Other Vibrios
Vibrio Cholerae
Other Vibrios
References
48 Shigellosis
Introduction
History and Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
49 Nontyphoid Salmonella Disease
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Vaccination
References
50 Campylobacter Infections
Introduction
Epidemiology
Breastfeeding and Infection
Clinical Features
Post-Infectious Inflammatory Complications
Laboratory Diagnosis and Typing
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Acknowledgment
References
51 Miscellaneous Bacterial Enteritides
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Miscellaneous Infections
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Section D Sexually Transmitted Diseases
52 Chlamydial Infections
Classification
Biology
Pathogenesis and Immunity
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Manifestations in Men
Clinical Manifestations in Women
Clinical Manifestations Occurring in Both Sexes
Diagnosis
Treatment of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection
Control
References
53 Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
54 Gonorrhea
Introduction
Etiology
Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
55 Chancroid
Definition
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Laboratory Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
56 Donovanosis (Granuloma Inguinale)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis (Table 56.1)
Treatment (Table 56.2)
References
57 Syphilis and the Endemic Treponematoses
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
The Endemic Treponematoses
References
Section E Infections Causing Neurologic Manifestations
58 Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Vaccination
Risk of Severe Sequelae and Death From Bacterial Meningitis
References
59 Tetanus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
60 Botulism
Introduction
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Pediatric Considerations
Acknowledgments
References
Section F Infections of Skin and Soft Tissues
61 Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Tropics
Impetigo
Ecthyma
Folliculitis, Furuncles, and Carbuncles
Cellulitis
Gas Gangrene
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Tropical (Phagedenic) Ulcer
Tropical Pyomyositis
References
62 Leprosy
The Causative Organism and Host Response
Diagnosis of Leprosy
Classification of Leprosy
Clinical Features
Treatment
Reactions
Conclusion
References
63 Buruli Ulcer
Introduction
Epidemiology and Transmission
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Management
Complications
Prevention
References
64 Mycobacterium marinum Infection
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
65 Anthrax
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Section G Febrile Systemic Syndromes With or Without Lymphadenopathy
66 Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
67 Murine Typhus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Pediatric Considerations
Treatment
Treatment Considerations in Children
Prevention
References
68 Scrub Typhus
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
69 Tick-Borne Spotted Fever Rickettsioses
Introduction
Etiology
Epidemiology
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses With Inoculation Eschar
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses With Few or No Inoculation Eschar
Diagnosis
References
70 Rickettsialpox
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
71 Q Fever
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
72 Trench Fever
Introduction
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
References
73 Bartonellosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
74 Typhoid and Paratyphoid (Enteric) Fever
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention of Enteric Fever
Prevention
References
75 Brucellosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
76 Melioidosis and Glanders
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
77 Plague
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features of Plague
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
78 Tularemia
Introduction
F. Tularensis
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
79 Leptospirosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
80 Relapsing Fever and Borrelioses
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Part 4 The Mycoses
81 General Principles
Distribution and Medical Importance
Morphology
Diagnosis
Disease Classification
References
82 Superficial Mycoses
Dermatophyte Infection: Ringworm, Tinea
Superficial Candidiasis
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor
Other Superficial Mycoses
References
83 Subcutaneous Mycoses
Introduction
Mycetoma (Maduromycosis, Madura Foot)
Sporotrichosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Rhinosporidiosis
Subcutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Basidiobolus
Subcutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Conidiobolus
Other Subcutaneous Mycoses
References
84 Protothecosis
Introduction
Epidemiology, Natural History, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features and Histopathology
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Disclaimer
References
85 Histoplasmosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
86 Coccidioidomycosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Coccidioidomycosis in Children
Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis
Treatment
References
87 Blastomycosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
88 Paracoccidioidomycosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
89 Cryptococcosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention of Cryptococcal Meningitis
Treatment
Outcome
References
90 Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Ecology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features and Outcomes
Diagnosis
Complications and Co-Infections
Antifungal Treatment and Prevention
References
91 Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
92 Treatment of Systemic Mycoses
Introduction
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Triazoles
Echinocandins
References
Part 5 Protozoal Infections
93 General Principles
Parasitism
Natural History
Protozoa
Classification
Physiology
Transmission
Magnitude of the Health Problem
Conclusion
Section A Intestinal and Genital Infections
94 Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
95 Giardiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
96 Cryptosporidiosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
References
97 Cyclosporiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
98 Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
99 Miscellaneous Intestinal Protozoa
Balantidiasis
Dientamoeba Fragilis
Entamoeba Polecki
Blastocystis Spp.
Non-Pathogenic Intestinal Protozoa
References
100 Trichomoniasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Section B Infections of the Blood and Reticuloendothelial System
101 Malaria
Introduction
Epidemiology
Life Cycle and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Non-Falciparum Malaria
References
102 African Trypanosomiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
103 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History and Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Patient Evaluation
Management
References
104 Leishmaniasis
Definition
Life Cycle
Taxonomy
Clinical Classification
Transmission and Epidemiology
Immunology
Spectrum of Clinical Disease
Diagnostic Testing
Principles of Treatment
References
Definition
Etiology
Distribution
Transmission and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Post뻂ala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention and Control
References
Definition
Etiology
Distribution and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Definition
Etiology
Distribution and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention and Control
Disclaimer
References
105 Babesiosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Acknowledgments
References
Section C Tissue Infection
106 Toxoplasmosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Conclusion
References
107 Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Ameba Infections
Introduction
History
Epidemiology
Central Nervous System Infection
Acanthamoeba Infections Outside the Central Nervous System
Disclaimer
References
108 Sarcocystosis
Transmission and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Public Health Burden
References
109 Microsporidiosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment (Table 109.2)
Prevention
References
Part 6 Helminthic Infections
110 General Principles
Definitions
Classification
Anatomy and Physiology
Transmission
Magnitude of the Health Problem
Chemotherapy
References
Section A Intestinal Nematode Infections
111 Nematodes Limited to the Intestinal Tract (Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria philippinensis, and
Trichostrongylus spp.)
Enterobiasis
Trichuriasis
Intestinal Capillariasis
Trichostrongyliasis
References
112 Intestinal Nematodes
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
113 Hookworm and Strongyloides Infections
Hookworm Infections
Strongyloides Infections
References
Section B Filarial Infections
114 Lymphatic Filariasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Acknowledgment
References
115 Loiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Treatment and Prevention
References
116 Onchocerciasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
117 Miscellaneous Filariae
Mansonella Perstans Infection
Mansonella Ozzardi Infection
Streptocerciasis (Mansonella Streptocerca)
Dirofilariasis
References
Section C Other Tissue Nematode Infections
118 Dracunculiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology and Eradication
Natural History, Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
119 Trichinellosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
120 Toxocariasis
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
121 Gnathostomiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
122 Eosinophilic Meningitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
123 Abdominal Angiostrongyliasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
124 Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
125 Anisakidosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
Section D Trematode Infections
126 Schistosomiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
History
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Immunology
Clinical Features
Global Burden of Disease
Diagnosis
Other Testing
Treatment
Control and Prevention
References
127 Intestinal Fluke Infections
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
128 Liver Fluke Infections
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
129 Paragonimiasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Section E Cestode Infections
130 Tapeworm Infections
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
131 Larval Cestode Infections (Cysticercosis)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
132 Cystic Echinococcosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
133 Alveolar Echinococcosis (Alveolar Hydatid Disease)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
134 Polycystic Echinococcosis (Polycystic Neotropical Echinococcus)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
135 Sparganosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Sparganum Proliferum
References
136 Coenuriasis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Part 7 Poisonous and Toxic Plants and Animals
137 Animals Hazardous to Humans
Introduction
Key Features
Venomous Fish?
CNIDARIANS, Formerly Coelenterates
Echinodermata (Starfish and Sea Urchins) (Fig. 137.1.5)
Mollusca (Cone Shells and Octopuses)
References
Key Features
Prevention
Clinical Features
Treatment,
References
Key Features
Sharks
Management
Prevention
Other Dangerous Fish
Management of Injuries by Other Dangerous Fish
References
Key Features
Introduction
Venom Apparatus
Venom Composition,
Heloderma Bites
Symptoms of Envenoming?
Investigations
First Aid
Treatment
References
Key Features
Introduction
Distribution of Venomous Snakes
Snake Classification
Medically Important Snakes
Incidence and Importance of Snakebite,
Epidemiology,
Prevention of Snakebite
Venom Apparatus
Venom Composition
Clinical Effects,,,
Laboratory Investigations
Venom Immunodiagnosis
Treatment of Snakebite,,?
References
Useful Websites
Reference
138 Injurious Arthropods
Epidemiology,
Prevention
Clinical Features,,
Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis and Venom Hypersensitivity
Treatment
References
Clinical Features
Specific Infections Transmitted by Biting Flies (Diptera) and Bugs (Hemiptera)
References
Myiasis-
Cutaneous Myiasis
Wound Myiasis
Ophthalmomyiasis (Ocular Myiasis),
Congo Floor Maggots
Tungiasis
Differentiating Cutaneous Myiasis From Other Creeping Eruptions
References
Specific Infections Transmitted by Infesting Arthropods
Fleas (Insecta, Family Pulicidae)
Treatment
Lice (Insecta, Family Pediculidae)
Mites (Arachnida)
Ticks (Acari)?
References
Ticks (Class Arachnida, Subclass Acari)
Spiders (Class Arachnida, Order Araneae)
Tarantula Spiders (Mygalomorphae, Family Theraphosidae)
Scorpions (Class Arachnida, Order Scorpiones, Families Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae)
Insects (Class Insecta)
References
Useful Website
139 Poisonous Plants and Aquatic Animals
Key Features
Introduction
Prevention of Seafood Poisoning
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
Tetrodotoxin Poisoning
Histamine Fish Poisoning (Scombroid Fish Poisoning or Pseudoallergic Fish Poisoning)
Seafood Poisoning With Generalized Rhabdomyolysis
Poisoning by Ingesting Carp Gallbladder
Shellfish Poisoning
Laboratory Diagnosis of Seafood Poisoning
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment of Seafood Poisoning
References
Key Features
Introduction
Specific Plant Poisonings (Box 139.2.1)
Neurotoxic Plants
Hallucinogenic Plants
Plants Causing Convulsions
Plants With Nicotinic Effects
Cardiotoxic Plants
Cytotoxic Plants
Hepatotoxic Plants
Nephrotoxic Plants
References
Key Features
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Key Features
Claviceps (Ergot) Poisoning
Aspergillus (Aflatoxin) Poisoning
Mushroom Poisoning (Mycetism, Mycetismus)
Mushroom Toxins
Cytotoxic Mushroom Poisoning
Neurotoxic Mushroom Poisonings
Other Toxic Events Caused by Fungi
References
140 Bats
Introduction
Bat Biology
Bat-Transmitted Infections (Table 140.1)
Prevention of Bat-Transmitted Infections
References
141 Pentastomiasis
Introduction
Human Infection With Linguatula Species
Clinical Features
Human Infection With Armillifer Species
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
References
Part 8 Nutritional Problems and Deficiency Diseases
142 General Principles
143 Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Children
Introduction
Epidemiology and Consequences
Clinical Features
Management of Mild or Moderate Malnutrition
Phases of Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition
Treatment of Complications
Community-Based Management of SAM
Reference
Further Reading
144 Vitamin Deficiencies
Introduction and Significance
Vitamin A
Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Vitamin A Deficiency
Clinically Important B Vitamin Deficiencies
Scurvy and Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Vitamin D
References
145 Mineral Deficiencies
Introduction
Iron
Zinc
Iodine
Selenium
Calcium and Magnesium
Fluorine
Lead
Summary
References
Part 9 Vector Transmission of Diseases and Zoonoses
Section A Medical Entomology
146 Arthropods of Public Health Importance
Definitions
Background
Mosquitoes
Biting Flies
House Flies and Other 밊ilth Flies?
Human Lice
Human Fleas
Human Bed Bugs
Kissing Bugs
Ticks
Mites
References
Section B Diseases Associated With Vectors (Arthropods in Disease Transmission)
147 Human Diseases Associated With Vectors (Arthropods in Disease Transmission)
History
Disease Transmission
Importance
References
Section C Vector Control
148 Arthropod Vector Control
Introduction
Ecology of Vector-Borne Diseases
Personal and Household Vector Control
Community-Level Vector Control
Conclusion
References
Part 10 The Sick Returning Traveler
149 General Principles
References
150 Fever in the Returned Traveler
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
151 Malaria in the Returned Traveler
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Uncomplicated Disease
Monitoring and Prognosis
References
152 Screening of the Asymptomatic Long-Term Traveler
Introduction
How Does a Clinician Evaluate an Asymptomatic Long-Term Traveler on Return?
Conclusions
References
153 Persistent Abdominal Symptoms in the Returned Traveler
Introduction
Pathoetiologic Classification
Assessment
Investigations
Management
References
154 Skin Lesions in Returning Travelers
Introduction
Approach to a Traveler With a Skin Lesion
Localized Skin Diseases
Other Localized Dermatologic Syndromes
Disseminated Skin Diseases
References
155 Eosinophilia in Migrants and Returned Travelers
Introduction
General Principles
Clinical Syndromes
References
156 Immigrant Medicine
Introduction
Pre-Departure and Post-Arrival Health Assessment
Infectious Diseases of Immigrants
Non-Infectious Diseases of Immigrants
Conclusion
References
157 International Adoption
Introduction
Overall Approach and Initial Evaluation
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Syphilis
HIV
Intestinal Pathogens
Malaria
Eosinophilia
Skin Disease
Immunizations
Conclusion
References
158 Medical Tourism
Introduction
Services Available via Medical Tourism
Statistics on Medical Tourism
Locations for Medical Tourism Services
Infection-Related Risks
Quality Control, Safety, and Risk
The Returning Medical Tourist
General Concerns
Conclusions
References
159 Transplant Patients and Tropical Diseases
Introduction
Transplant Tourism
Degrees of Immunosuppression
Disease Distribution in Returning Travelers
Malaria in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Leishmaniasis in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Strongyloidiasis in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Toxoplasmosis in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) in Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
References
160 Delusional Infestation (Delusional Parasitosis)
Introduction
Epidemiology
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Classification of Delusional Infestation
Morgellons
Clinical Features
Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Outcome and Prognosis
References
Part 11 Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases
161 General Principles
Introduction
Physical Characteristics of the Specimen
Techniques of Stool Examination
Examination of Urine and Vaginal Secretions
Special Detection Methods
Methods for Estimation of Worm Burden
Special Methods for Intestinal Helminths
References
Examination of Fresh Blood
Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Tissue Impressions
Duodenal Sampling and Biopsy
Examination of Sputum
Culture Methods
Animal Inoculation
References
Part 12 Drugs Used in Tropical Medicine
162 Albendazole
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Further Reading
163 Artemisinin
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug IntERactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
Further Reading
164 Benznidazole
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Further Reading
165 Dapsone
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
Further Reading
166 Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
References
167 Eflornithine
Description
Available Product
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events:
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Further Reading
168 Ivermectin
Description
Available Product
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
References
169 Mebendazole
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Further Reading
170 Miltefosine
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Hepatic Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
Further Reading
171 Nifurtimox
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
Further Reading
172 Nitazoxanide
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Further Reading
173 Pentamidine
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
Further Reading
174 Pentavalent Antimony
Description
Available Products
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
How to Give the Drug
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug Interactions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Product Insert
Availability in the United States
Comments on Use
References
175 Praziquantel
Description
Available Product
Indications
Mode of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Dose Adjustments in Renal Failure
Dose Adjustments in Liver Failure
Dose
Route of Administration
Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
Key Drug IntEractions
Contraindications
Use in Special Populations
Resistance
Storage
Availability in the United States
Further Reading
Index