Endometriosis : An Enigma

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor
Contributors

1. Natural history: Basics of endometriosis
Ancient descriptions suggesting the diagnosis of endometriosis
Ovarian endometriosis
Identification of adenomyoma
Adenomyosis and endometriosis—The differentiation
References

2. Epidemiology
Introduction
Epidemiology
References

3. Etiopathogenesis of endometriosis
What is endometriosis?
What is the pathology?
What is adenomyosis?
Etiology
Risk factors
Genital tract (MÜllerian anomalies)
Suggested reading

4. Molecular basis and biomarkers of disease activity
Biomarkers in peripheral blood
Endometrial biomarkers
Biomarkers in urine
Biomarkers in saliva
Biomarkers in peritoneal fluid
Proteomic biomarkers
Genetic biomarkers
Conclusion
References

5. Diagnostic evaluation
Pain
Infertility
Symptoms from specific sites
Diagnostic evaluation
References

6. Adolescents and endometriosis
Prevalence
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Management
Postoperative treatment
Conclusion
References

7. Infertility attributed to endometriosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Biological mechanisms in endometriosis-associated infertility
Immunobiology and molecular mechanisms
Distortion of pelvic anatomy
Endocrine and ovulatory abnormalities in endometriosis
Fertilization and implantation defects
Early pregnancy loss
Other factors
Conclusion
References

8. Medical management of endometriosis
Background
Mechanisms of pain
Treatment of endometriosis
Medical treatment
Treatment in current practice
Critical appraisal of current treatment modalities
Future directions
Conclusion
References

9. Surgical exploration as the primary modality of treatment
Surgery as the primary modality
When to shift from medical to surgical management
Counseling and consent for surgery
Surgery for acute pain
Surgery for chronic pain
Adenomyomectomy
Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
LUNA and presacral neurectomy
Scar endometriosis
Surgery for suspected malignancy in ovarian endometrioma
Surgery for women with infertility
Before ART
Hydrosalpinx removal
Mode of surgery
Surgical techniques
Cystectomy
Adhesion prevention
How much resection is not too much?
Role of preoperative/postoperative medical management
References

10. Management of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) causing gynecological morbidity: A urologist’s
perspective
Introduction and epidemiology
Etiopathogenesis
History and examination
Evaluation
Imaging
Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy
Urodynamics
Treatment
Conclusion
References

11. Management of deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) causing gynecological morbidity: A colorectal
surgeon’s perspective
Introduction, definition, and scope of the problem
Morphology and patterns of involvement
Clinical features
Investigations
Scoring systems for bowel endometriosis
Treatment
Treatment of endometriosis at other sites
Outcomes of treatment
Conclusion
References

12. Adenomyosis and endometriosis
Introduction
Etiopathogenesis
Histopathology
Symptoms and signs
Classification
Diagnosis
Treatment
Endometriosis and adenomyosis
Conclusion
References

13. Helping a woman afflicted with endometriosis to conceive
Stage-wise probable mechanism of infertility in endometriosis
Treatment modalities
Pregnancy and endometriosis
Complications during pregnancy due to endometriosis
Operative delivery
Fetal Effects
Conclusion
References

14. Alternative medicine for endometriosis: Diet and nutrition
Introduction
Dietary nutrients and their role in endometriosis
Functional foods help in tackling endometriosis when incorporated daily in diet
Special diets for endometriosis
Diet summary
Conclusion
References

15. Novel treatment modalities
Treatment modalities
GnRH antagonists
GnRH agonist
Selective progesterone receptor modulators
selective estrogen receptor modulators
Nonhormonal treatments
Hormonal therapy versus diet
Other investigational hormonal therapies
Investigational nonhormonal therapies: Anti-angiogenic drugs
Danazol
Implants
Future therapies
Conclusion
References

16. Long-term complications associated with endometriosis
Deep infiltrating endometriosis
Bowel endometriosis
Abdominal wall endometriosis
Urinary tract endometriosis
Bladder endometriosis
Ureteral endometriosis
Renal endometriosis
Liver endometriosis
Pancreatic endometriosis
Omental endometriosis
Nervous system endometriosis
Massive ascites in endometriosis
Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy and endometriosis
Malignancy
Conclusion
References

17. Recurrence of endometriosis
Risk factors for recurrence
Biomarkers
Glycoproteins
Immunological and inflammatory cytokines
Oxidative stress
Cell adhesion and invasion
Angiogenesis
Hormones
Autoantibodies
Metabolomics
Circulating cell-free DNA
Cell populations
Urine biomarkers
Endometrial biomarkers
Endometrial transcriptome
Endometrial proteomes
Neuronal marker
Treatment
Conclusion
References

18. Quality of life affected by endometriosis: Lifestyle modification for symptom alleviation
References

19. Literature review: Guidelines for the management of endometriosis
Introduction
Methodological quality of the guidelines
ESHRE guidelines
Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Role of support groups, lay organizations, and online portals
Conclusion
References

20. Hormone therapy after total surgery for endometriosis
Total surgery for endometriosis
Natural menopause versus surgical (sudden) menopause
Endometriosis and estrogen dependence
HRT for surgical menopause following endometriosis
Options for HRT
Concerns of HRT in endometriosis
Conclusion
References

21. Ethical dilemmas in the management of endometriosis
References

22. Conclusion
References
Index