Benzel's Spine Surgery-5판(2Vols)

Part 1: Fundamentals of the Spine

History of Spine Surgery
History of Spine Biomechanics
History of Spinal Instrumentation: The Modern Era
Functional Anatomy of the Spine
Biomechanical Modeling of the Spine
The Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Aging
Muscles and the Spine: Dynamic Stabilization
Bone Physiology and Osteoporosis
Applied Anatomy of the Thoracolumbar Spine
Fundamentals of Spinal Alignment and Balance
Applied Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Molecular and Anatomic Mechanisms of Nerve Root, Spinal Nerve, and Peripheral Nerve Injury
Spine Fusion: Biology and Biomechanics
Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation
Biomechanics and Implant Materials: The Anterior Column
Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Techniques
Complications in Spine Surgery: Expected Rates and Classification

Part 2: Pathophysiology of Spinal

Disorders Section 2.1: Pathophysiology of Congenital and Developmental Disorders
Spinal Cord Dysraphism and Myelodysplasia
Congenital Spinal Deformity
Early Onset Scoliosis
Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis
Scheuermann Disease
Developmental Spondylolisthesis
Craniovertebral Junction Deformities
Developmental Deformity in the Cervical Spine
Tarlov Cysts
Dural and Meningeal Pathologies
Chiari Malformations and Syringomyelia Section 2.2: Pathophysiology of Degenerative Disorders
Pathophysiology of Cervical Spondylosis, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy
Pathophysiology of Thoracic Spondylosis, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy
Pathophysiology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Pain
Deformity in the Cervical Spine
Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Section 2.3: Pathophysiology of Traumatic Disorders
Occipitocervical Injuries
Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Injuries in Sports Section 2.4: Pathophysiology of Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Primary Infections of the Spine
Secondary Infections of the Spine
Primary Tumors of the Spine
Metastatic Tumors of the Spine
Intradural Extramedullary Spine Tumors
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions
Brachial Plexus Tumors Extending into the Cervicothoracic Spine Section 2.6: Pathophysiology of Syndromic
Disorders Affecting the Spine: Connective Tissue and Vascular
Spinal Disorders Associated with Connective Tissue Disorders
Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, and Metabolic Bone Disease
Vascular Malformations of the Spine
Neuromuscular Disorders in the Pediatric Spine
Neurodegenerative Disorders in the Adult Spine Section 2.7: Pathophysiology of Postoperative Spinal
Disorders
Postoperative Spinal Disorders - Cervical
Postoperative Spinal Deformity
Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Disease of the Cervical Spine
Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Disease of the Lumbar Spine
Proximal and Distal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure

Part 3: Evaluation of Patients with Spinal Disorders

Physical and Neurologic Examination
Sagittal Spinal Alignment: An Evolutionary Perspective
Spinal Alignment: Significance and Preoperative Planning
Overview of Imaging Procedures Available for Spinal Diagnosis
Electrodiagnostic Studies
Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine
Patient Selection for Spine Surgery: Preoperative Optimization
Evaluation of the Aging Patient
Preoperative Evaluation of Psychosocial Aspects and Work-related Issues
Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Tumors Affecting the Spine
Measuring Preoperative Health-Related Quality of Life: What Metrics Matter

Part 4: Management of Spinal

Disorders Section 4.1: Nonoperative Approaches
Rehabilitation, Interventions, and Medications in Management of Spinal Disorders
Spine Injections
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Back Pain
Regenerative Strategies and the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Neuromodulation and Rehabilitative Interventions for the Spine
Pain Management: Opioids and Alternatives Section 4.2: Operative Management of Spinal Disorders: Overview
and Principles
Fundamentals of Spine Surgery
Perioperative Management Protocols: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)
Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction
Intraoperative Imaging Protocols
Anesthesia for Spine Surgery and the Prevention of Complications
Intraoperative Monitoring in Routine and Complex Surgery
Blood Management and Complex Spine Surgery
Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to Do When Things Go Bad
Biologics in Spine Fusion Surgery
Osteointegration: The Bone and Implant Interface
Common Complications in Spine Surgery: Pseudarthrosis
Postoperative Medical Complications
Preventing Postoperative Infections: An Evidence-Based Approach
Neurologic Complications of Common Spine Operations
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Repair and Outcomes
Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis and Syringomyelia
Posttraumatic and Idiopathic Syringomyelia
Vascular and Soft Tissue Complications
Postoperative Spinal Deformities
Implant Wear, Degradation, and Breakage
Spine Readmissions and Reoperations Section 4.3: Operative Management of Spinal Disoders: Occipital and
Cervical
Cervical Spine Construct Design
Occipitocervical Spine Approaches for Decompression
Occipitocervical Spine Posterior Approaches for Fusion
Endoscopic and Transnasal Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction
Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction - Posterior
Posterior Cervical Decompressions: Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoforaminotomy
Cervical Laminoplasty
Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques
Posterior Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approaches to Decompression and Arthrodesis of the Cervical
Spine
Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction - Anterior Approach
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Corpectomy
Management of Soft Cervical Disc Herniation: Controversies and Complication Avoidance
Anterior Sub-Axial Cervical Fixation and Fusion Techniques
Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty
Combined Ventral-Dorsal Surgery Section 4.4: Operative Management of Spinal Disorders: Thoracolumbar
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design
Posterior Approaches to the Thoracic Spine
Anterior Approaches and Lateral Approaches to the Thoracic Spine
MIS Lateral Thoracic Decompression
Thoracoscopic Corpectomy and Reconstruction
Posterolateral Thoracolumbar Fusion
Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation
Midline Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Cortical Bone Trajectory Pedicle Screw Placement
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Dorsal Semi-Rigid Stabilization
Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty
Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I: Philosophy and Rationale
Posterior Approaches to the Lumbar Spine: Minimally Invasive Decompression
Endoscopic Approaches to the Cervical Spine
Endoscopic Surgical Approaches to the Lumbar Spine
Posterior Approaches to the Lumbar Spine: Minimally Invasive Fusion
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Anterior and Anterolateral Lumbar Spine Decompression and Fusion: MIS Approaches
Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques
Spinal Augmentation for Vertebral Compression Fractures

Part 5: Operative Management of Specific Disorders

of the Spine Section 5.1: Degenerative Pathologies
Indications for Spine Fusion for Axial Pain
Cervical Disc Herniation
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Thoracic Discectomy
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Sacroiliac Joint Pain Section 5.2: Spinal Deformity
Surgical Principles for Spinal Deformity
An Approach for Treatment of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity
An Approach for Treatment of Complex Pediatric Spinal Deformity
Cervicothoracic Deformity: The Role of Anterior Surgery
Cervical and Cervicothoracic Deformity Correction: Posterior-based Osteotomies
The Role of Anterior Surgery for Thoracolumbar Deformity
Anterior Column Release in Deformity.
Posterior-based Management of Spinal Deformity
Minimally Invasive Approaches to Spinal Deformity
Surgical Management of High-Grade Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis
Deformity Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Section 5.3: Tumors of the Spine
Oncologic Approaches, and Outcomes for Primary Spine Tumors
Staging, Classification, and Oncologic Approaches for Metastatic Tumors Involving the Spine
Tumors at the Foramen Magnum and Craniocervical Junction
Cervicothoracic Junction Tumors
Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spinal Tumors: Regional Challenges
Sacral Tumors: Regional Challenges
Radiosurgery for Spinal Tumors Section 5.4: Trauma and the Spine
The Acute Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Polytrauma
Timing of Surgery Following Spinal Cord Injury
Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Traction
Medical Management of Fractures without Spinal Cord Injury
Anterior Surgery for Cervical Trauma
Posterior Surgery for Cervical Trauma
Surgical Approaches to Thoracolumbar Trauma
Surgical Approaches for Sacral Fractures and Sacropelvic Injuries
Rehabilitation and Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury Section 5.5: General Surgical Technique
Harvest of Autograft for Spinal Fusion
Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery
Spinal Wound Closure

Part 6: Evidence Development and Guidance of Informed Choice for Optimal Outcomes

Big Data in Health Care
Spine Registries
Conflicts of Interest in Spine Surgery
Art of the Clinical Trial
Meaningful Retrospective Analysis
Art and Science of Guideline Formation
Appropriate Use Criteria in Spine Surgery
Precision Medicine: Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluation and Management of Spinal Disorders
Healthcare Reform and Spine Surgery
Development of New Technologies in Spine Surgery