Safe Filler Injection Technique Demonstration using live imaging tools-2판

Part 1. Filler Types and Choosing Fillers

1. Types of Fillers· ········································· 4
2. Characteristics of Each Filler· ························ 6
1. Characteristics of HA Fillers······························· 7
1) Physical Characteristics of HA Fillers· ····················· 7
(1) Cross-linking········································· 11
(2) Cross-linking Ratio· ···································· 11
(3) Gel Hardness· ········································ 14
(4) HA Degradation········································ 14
(5) Viscoelasticity ········································· 15
(6) Filler Concentration and the Relative Degree of Hydration·········· 16
(7) Filler Injection and Anti-Oxidant Substances··················· 17
(8) Fillers that Harden after Injection· ·························· 19
(9) Spread of Fillers ······································· 21
(10) Cohesiveness ········································ 22
2) HA Filler from Physician’s Perspective· ···················· 25
3) Summary of Characteristics of Fillers· ····················· 27
2. Characteristics of Calcium Fillers·························· 35
3. Characteristics of Fillers Composed of Polycaprolactone (PCL)·· 39
3. Categorization of the Filler Market ················· 43
4. Filler Selection ········································· 44
1. Standards for Filler Selection · ···························· 44
2. Filler Selection and Safety ································ 46

Part 2. Basic Introduction

1. Design Method ········································ 52
1. Designing the Whole and Parts ··························· 52
2. Design Considering Facial Expressions ··················· 53
3. Tricks for Safe Procedures ······························· 54
2. Filler Administration with Cannulas · ················ 57
1. Puncturing Method for Cannula Insertion ·················· 59
2. Method of Using Cannula Depending on the Depth ········ 60
3. Cannula Advancement and Separation of Tissue ·········· 63
3. Basic Method of Using a Needle · ··················· 65
1. Method of Using a Needle ······························· 65
2. Considerations of Bevel Location in Procedures ·········· 67
3. Post Dermal Subcision Injection Method ·················· 68
4. Perpendicular Pulling Injection Method ··················· 69
5. Perpendicular Injection of a Large Bolus ·················· 70
4. No Bleeding Technique ······························· 71
5. Molding ················································· 76
1. What is Molding? · ······································· 76
2. Molding Method for Each Facial Area ····················· 84
1) Molding Under Eyes (the Smile Line) · ···················· 84
2) Under Eye Guider ······································ 85
3) Nasolabial Folds and Cheeks ···························· 86
4) Massage after Injection ································· 86
6. Dissolution Test · ······································· 88
1. How to Use Hyaluronidase · ······························ 88
2. An Experiment for Melting HA Fillers ······················ 90

Part 3. Basic Anatomy

1. The Vasculature · ······································· 107
1. The Facial Artery & Vein · ································ 107
2. Variations in the Facial Artery · ··························· 109
3. The Supratrochlear Artery (STA) &
Supraorbital Artery (SOA) ································ 109
4. Superficial Temporal Artery (SfTA) · ······················· 110
5. The External Carotid Artery & Internal Carotid Artery ······ 111
6. Palpation of the Artery · ·································· 112
7. Visual Inspection of Veins ································ 113
2. Nerves · ·················································· 114
1. CN V (Trigeminal Nerve) - Sensory · ······················ 114
2. CN VII (Facial Nerve) - Motor ····························· 116
3. Fat Compartments ···································· 118
1. Superficial Fat · ·········································· 118
2. Deep Fat · ··············································· 119
4. Muscles · ················································· 120
1. Muscles around the Eyes · ······························· 120
2. Muscles around the Mouth · ······························ 120
3. Muscles of the Nose · ···································· 121
5. The SMAS & Retaining Ligaments · ················· 122
1. The SMAS (Superficial Musculo-Aponeurotic System) · ····· 122
2. The Retaining Ligaments ································· 125
1) True Retaining Ligaments · ······························ 125
2) False Retaining Ligaments ······························· 126

Part 4. Filler Treatment for Each Facial Area

Upper Face
1. Forehead ··············································· 130
2. Glabella ················································ 148
3. Temples · ··············································· 160
Mid Face
4 Nose ···················································· 178
5. Nasolabial Folds ······································· 190
6. Cheek (Upper Cheek and Lower Cheek) ··········· 210
7. Dark Circles · ·········································· 230
8. Lower Eyelid Pretarsal Augmentation · ············ 248
9. Sunken Eyes ··········································· 254
Lower Face
10. Chin ···················································· 260
11. Marionette Line · ······································ 268
12. Lips · ···················································· 274

Part 5. Filler Complications

1. Filler Complications and Interventions ············ 284
1. Bruising and Hematoma ·································· 285
2. Erythema ················································ 286
3. Edema · ················································· 287
4. Neovascularization ······································ 288
5. PIH ····················································· 288
6. Nodule · ················································· 288
7. Infection ················································· 290
8. Skin Necrosis (Blood Vessel Complications) ··············· 291
2. Mechanism and Treatment of Skin Necrosis ······ 294
1. Predisposing Factors of Skin Necrosis ···················· 294
2. Factors Affecting the Extent of Skin Necrosis ·············· 295
3. Symptoms of Skin Necrosis · ····························· 295
4. Treatment of Skin Necrosis ······························· 297
5. Notes for Preventing Necrosis during Procedures · ········ 301
6. Tips for Early Discovery and Treatment of Necrosis · ······ 303
7. Factors Affecting the Prognosis of Skin Necrosis ·········· 303
3. Other Blood Vessel Complications · ················ 304
1. Blindness and Cerebral Infarct · ·························· 304
2. Pulmonary Embolism ····································· 306