Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine-1판

Introduction
Methods of sectioning 266 autopsy spines

Section 1: Normal Anatomy
1. Structure and function
2. Disc: its part and their functions
3. Facets: structure and function
4. Nerves: In spinal canal and intervertebral foramen
5. Muscles and Movement

Section 2: Age changes
1.Osteoporosis: effects on vertebrae and on disc shape
2. Degenerative changes in discs
3. Disc fissuring and disc protrusion
4. Decline in ranges of movement with increase in age
5. Increase creep with age
6. Facet changes: arthritic changes; remodeling
7. Spinal stenosis and nerve impingement
8. Severe disc changes and segmental instability
9. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
10. Facet joint fat pads: their increase in early instability

Section 3: Injuries
1. Thoracic and lumbar injuries contrast with cervical injuries
2. Vertebral end-plate fracture and collapse
3. Facet joint injuries: which are often occult.

Section 4: Lower Back Pain and Radicular Pain
1. The lumbar spine and cancer metastases.