The Ongoing Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance-1판

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
Overview: The Ongoing Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance
Key points
Introduction
Evolution of antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics and agriculture
Societal burden of antibiotic resistance
What can be done to avoid a postantibiotic era?
Summary
The Evolving Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Identifying Resistance in Gram-Negative
Bacteria: An Update
Key points
Introduction
Available methods
Discussion
The Continuing Plague of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterbacterales Infections: An Update
Key points
Introduction
The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases
Worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases
The historic evolution of blaTEM- and blaSHV-types extended-spectrum β-lactamases–producing
enterobacteriaceae infections
The blaCTX-M-producing E coli outbreak in nonhospital settings
The clonal expansion of a specific blaCTX-M-producing E coli strain in the community
What are the predictors for extended-spectrum β-lactamases–producing enterobacteriaceae infections
acquired outside of the hospital settings?
What is the isolated impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamases acquisition on patients' clinical outcomes?
Treatment options for extended-spectrum β-lactamases–producing enterobacteriaceae infections in hospital
settings
Treating extended-spectrum β-lactamase infections in ambulatory settings
Future perspective
Funding
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community: An Update
Key points
Introduction
Community-associated, health care–associated, and nosocomial infections
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria typically regarded as community acquired
Antibiotic-resistant organisms classically described in hospitals but now found in the community
Prevention
Summary
Agents of Last Resort: An Update on Polymyxin Resistance
Key points
Introduction
Mechanism of action
Mechanisms of resistance
Clinical epidemiology of polymyxin-resistant gram-negative bacilli
Strategies to minimize polymyxin resistance
Summary
Resistance in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Key points
Introduction
From commensal to a formidable clinical challenge
Mapping multidrug resistance
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the microbiome
Antibiotic resistance in the new millennium
Summary
Clinics care points
Resistance to Novel β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations: The “Price of Progress”
Key points
Introduction
Mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics
β-Lactamases
The Ω-loop of β-lactamases
β-Lactamase inhibitors
Newer β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations: ceftolozane-tazobactam
Reports and mechanisms of resistance: ceftolozane-tazobactam
Newer β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations: ceftazidime-avibactam
Reports and mechanisms of resistance: ceftazidime-avibactam
Newer β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations: meropenem-vaborbactam
Reports and mechanisms of resistance: meropenem-vaborbactam
Newer β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations: imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam
Reports and mechanisms of resistance: imipenem-relebactam
Summary
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections and Treatment Challenges in the Immunocompromised Host: An Update
Key points
Introduction
The immune system and host susceptibility to bacterial pathogens
Solid organ transplants
The neutropenic host
Summary
Bacteremia due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Update on New Therapeutic Approaches
Key points
Introduction
Glycopeptides and semisynthetic lipoglycopeptides
Daptomycin
Fifth-generation cephalosporins: ceftaroline
Oxazolidinones
New-generation tetracyclines
Combination therapy
New agents
Summary
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Glance at Progress and Global Challenges
Key points
Background
Drug susceptibility testing
Treatment of drug-resistant M tuberculosis infections
Summary
Aminoglycoside Resistance: Updates with a Focus on Acquired 16S Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferases
Key points
Introduction
Action of aminoglycosides and aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms
Summary
The Role of Antibiotic Stewardship and Telemedicine in the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Infections
Key points
Introduction
Resistance and need for antimicrobial stewardship
Collaborate for success
Cost of resistance and impact of antimicrobial stewardship program
Evidence of stewardship on impact of antimicrobial resistance
Use of new antimicrobials
Telemedicine and antimicrobial stewardship
Summary
Emerging Issues in Antifungal Resistance
Key points
Introduction
Definition of drug resistance
Epidemiology of fungal drug resistance
Antifungal drug targets and specific mechanisms of resistance
The clinical microbiology laboratory value in drug resistance determination
The emerging threat of Candida auris
Aspergillus resistance to drugs
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii antifungal resistance
The concept and reality of tolerance and heteroresistance in Candida and Cryptococcus
Clinical resistance
Response to antifungal drug resistance—combination agents and new agents with different formulations,
kinetics or targets
Summary