Premature Rupture of Membranes-1판

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Foreword
Preface
Prediction and Prevention
Vaginal Microbiome in Preterm Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction
DNA sequencing-based interrogation of the microbiome
The pregnancy vaginal microbiome
The vaginal microbiota and preterm birth
Vaginal microbiota and the subsequent risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes
Vaginal microbiota at the time of preterm premature rupture of membranes
Effects of antibiotics on the vaginal microbiota at the time of preterm premature rupture of membranes
Vaginal microbiota and neonatal outcome following preterm premature rupture of membranes
Cervical cerclage, large loop excision of the transformation zone of the cervix, cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia, and preterm premature rupture of membranes
Summary
Clinics care points
Mechanism of Human Fetal Membrane Biomechanical Weakening, Rupture and Potential Targets for Therapeutic
Intervention
Key points
Background
Fetal membrane rupture and the onset of labor
Measurement of fetal membrane strength
Fetal membranes have a physiologic weak zone
The pathway of human fetal membrane weakening
Evaluation of inhibitors of the fetal membrane weakening pathway as possible therapeutic agents for preterm
premature rupture of membranes
Nonprogestin agents
Summary
The Short Cervix: A Critical Analysis of Diagnosis and Treatment
Key points
Background
Pathophysiology of a short cervix
Short cervix and other biomarkers
Infection and inflammation
Surgical treatment with cerclage
Timing of cerclage procedures
History-indicated/prophylactic cerclage
Ultrasound-indicated cerclage
Multiple gestation and ultrasound-indicated cerclage
Examination-indicated/rescue cerclage
Cerclage revision
Preterm premature rupture of membranes with a cerclage in place
Medical therapy with progesterone
Weekly injections of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Daily vaginal progesterone
Pessary
Combination treatments
Summary
Clinics care points
Interventions
Tocolytic Therapy in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction
Relevant studies and trials
Meta-analyses
Summary
Clinics care points
Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction
Antenatal corticosteroids reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality after preterm prelabor rupture of
membranes without increasing the risk of maternal or neonatal infection
Antenatal corticosteroids after preterm prelabor rupture of membranes at different gestational ages
Repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids after preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Summary and future directions
Clinics care points
Antibiotics for Prophylaxis in the Setting of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Background
What bacteria are we treating?
What is the evidence behind the use of antibiotics at all in the setting of preterm prelabor rupture of
membranes?
What antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes?
Gestational age variations
Special considerations: multiple gestations
Special considerations: penicillin allergy or macrolide allergy
Special considerations: known group beta strep negative at time of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Special considerations: onset of labor within 7 days of rupture?
Summary
Clinics care points
Premature Rupture of Membranes with Concurrent Viral Infection
Key points
Introduction
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Human immunodeficiency virus
Herpes simplex virus
Clinical Guidelines
Antenatal Monitoring After Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction and definitions
Fetal and maternal complications necessitating antenatal monitoring and surveillance
Antenatal assessment and fetal monitoring
Summary
Clinics care points
Special Topics
Periviable Premature Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction
Background
Diagnosis
Evaluation and clinical course
Standard Interventions
Debated Interventions
Special Circumstances
Discussion: future directions for study
Summary
Disclosure
Unique Considerations: Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes in the Setting of Fetal Surgery and Higher
Order Pregnancies
Key points
Introduction
Unique considerations in the mechanism and risk of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes after fetal
intervention
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in the setting of fetoamniotic shunt placement
Fetoscopic laser ablation of placental vessels
Radiofrequency ablation
Fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair
Fetoscopic tracheal balloon occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernias
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in the setting of open fetal surgery
Interventions to treat or prevent preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in the setting of fetal surgery
Other unique considerations—preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in the setting of multiple gestation
Clinics care points
Neonatal and Childhood Outcomes Following Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Key points
Introduction
Pathophysiology of morbidity
Summary