Berek and Novak’s Gynecology Essentials-1판

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Urinary System
Genital System
Clinical Correlations
PELVIC STRUCTURE
Bony Pelvis
Muscles
Blood Vessels
Lymphatics
Nerves
PELVIC VISCERA
Genital Structures
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
THE GENITAL TRACT AND ITS RELATIONS
The Abdominal Wall
Muscles
Abdominal Anatomy
Perineum
Urogenital Triangle
Retroperitoneum and Retroperitoneal Spaces
Peritoneal Cavity
Ureter
Pelvic Floor
Endopelvic Fascia
Obturator Space
SUMMARY

Chapter 6: Molecular Biology and Genetics
CELL CYCLE
Normal Cell Cycle
Ploidy
Genetic Control of the Cell Cycle
MODULATION OF CELL GROWTH AND FUNCTION
Steroid Hormones
Growth Factors
Intracellular Signal Transduction
Expression of Genes and Proteins
Cancer Genetics
Genetic Aberrations
THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS PROJECT
Endometrial Carcinoma
Ovarian Carcinoma
Cervical Carcinoma
IMMUNOLOGY
Immunologic Mechanisms
FACTORS THAT TRIGGER NEOPLASIA
Increased Age
Environmental Factors
Smoking
Radiation
Immune Function

Chapter 7: Reproductive Physiology
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
ANATOMY
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Hormone Secretion
MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHYSIOLOGY
Normal Menstrual Cycle
Hormonal Variations
Uterus
Ovarian Follicular Development
SUMMARY OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE REGULATION


Section II Gynecology Topics

Chapter 8: Puberty
NORMAL PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT
Factors Affecting Time of Onset
Physical Changes During Puberty
Hormonal Changes
Mechanisms Underlying Puberty
ABERRATIONS OF PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT
Classification
Delayed or Interrupted Puberty
Hypergonadotropic and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Asynchronous Puberty
Precocious Puberty
Heterosexual Pubertal Development

Chapter 9: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
PREPUBERTAL AGE GROUP
Prepubertal Bleeding
Prepubertal Pelvic Masses
Prepubertal Vulvar Conditions
Prepubertal Vaginal Conditions
ADOLESCENT AGE GROUP
Adolescent Abnormal Bleeding
Adolescent Pelvic Masses
Adolescent Vulvar Conditions
Adolescent Vaginal Conditions

Chapter 10: Adult Gynecology: Reproductive Years
REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP
Abnormal Bleeding
Diagnosis of Abnormal Bleeding
Management of Abnormal Bleeding
Pelvic Masses
Diagnosis of Pelvic Masses
Management of Pelvic Masses
Ovarian Masses
Vulvar Conditions
Vaginal Conditions
POSTMENOPAUSAL AGE GROUP
Abnormal Bleeding
Diagnosis of Postmenopausal Abnormal Bleeding
Management of Postmenopausal Abnormal Bleeding
Postmenopausal Pelvic Masses
Diagnosis of Postmenopausal Pelvic Masses
Management of Postmenopausal Pelvic Masses
Vulvar Conditions
Vaginal Conditions

Chapter 11: Uterine Fibroids
ORIGINS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS
Incidence
Etiology
Genetics
Hormones
Growth Factors
Risk Factors
SYMPTOMS
Abnormal Bleeding
Pain
Urinary Symptoms
NATURAL HISTORY OF FIBROIDS
Rapid Fibroid Growth
Uterine Sarcoma
DIAGNOSIS
Pelvic Examination
Fibroid Location
Fibroid Variants
Imaging
Imaging of Uterine Sarcomas
FERTILITY
FIBROIDS AND PREGNANCY
Incidence of Fibroids During Pregnancy
Effect of Pregnancy on Fibroids
Fibroid Degeneration During Pregnancy
Influence of Fibroids on Pregnancy
TREATMENT
Watchful Waiting
Medical Therapy
SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treating Preoperative Anemia
Abdominal Myomectomy
Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Tissue Morcellation
Adhesions Following Myomectomy
Hysteroscopic Myomectomy
Endometrial Ablation for Abnormal Bleeding Associated With Fibroids
NEW APPEARANCE OF FIBROIDS
Clinical Follow-Up
Prognostic Factors Related to New Appearance of Fibroids
UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION
Uterine Artery Embolization Technique
Uterine Artery Embolization Outcomes
Uterine Artery Occlusion
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgHIFU)
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Chapter 12: Pelvic Pain and Dysmenorrhea
DEFINITIONS
ACUTE PAIN
Evaluation of Acute Pelvic Pain
Reproductive Tract Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain
Gastrointestinal Tract Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain
Urinary Tract Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain
Acute Pelvic Pain: Summary
CYCLIC PAIN: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN
Evaluation of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Reproductive Tract
Gastroenterologic Etiology
Urologic Etiology
Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Causes
Psychological Factors
Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain

Chapter 13: Endometriosis
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Prevalence
Risk and Protective Factors
Endometriosis and Cancer
ETIOLOGY
Transplantation Theory
Coelomic Metaplasia
Induction Theory
Genetic Factors
Immunologic Factors and Inflammation
Environmental Factors and Dioxin
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Examination
Imaging
Blood and Other Tests
Laparoscopy
Spontaneous Evolution
MANAGEMENT
Primary Prevention
Principles of Treatment
Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain
Medical Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain
Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
Medically Assisted Reproduction
Management of Recurrent Endometriosis
COPING WITH DISEASE

Chapter 14: Family Planning
EFFICACY
Medical Eligibility for Contraception
Cost
Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives
NONHORMONAL METHODS
Coitus Interruptus
Breastfeeding
Fertility Awareness
Condoms
Vaginal Spermicides
Vaginal Barriers
Intrauterine Contraception
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
Steroid Hormone Action
Antifertility Effects
Efficacy of Hormonal Contraception
Alternative Routes for Hormonal Contraception
Injectable Hormonal Contraceptives
Emergency Contraception
Hormonal Contraception for Men
STERILIZATION
Female Sterilization
Vasectomy
ABORTION
Safety
Techniques for First-Trimester Abortion
Second-Trimester Abortion
Complications of Second-Trimester Abortion

Chapter 15: Genitourinary Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
THE NORMAL VAGINA
VAGINAL INFECTIONS
Bacterial Vaginosis
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Inflammatory Vaginitis
Atrophic Vaginitis
Cervicitis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
OTHER MAJOR INFECTIONS
Genital Ulcer Disease
Genital Warts
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Acute Cystitis
Recurrent Cystitis
Urethritis
Acute Pyelonephritis

Chapter 16: Intraepithelial Disease of the Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva
CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
Cervical Anatomy
Human Papillomavirus
Screening
Colposcopic Diagnosis
Management
Treatment Modalities
VAGINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
Diagnosis
Treatment
VULVAR INTRAEPITHELIAL DISEASE
Vulvar Dystrophies
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Paget Disease of the Vulva

Chapter 17: Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction
SEXUALITY
Sexual Activity, Sexual Orientation, and Sexual Attraction
Genital Anatomy
Sexual Response Cycle
Physiology
FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL RESPONSE
Mental Health
Aging
Sex Hormones
Age-Associated Health Conditions
Personality Factors
Relationships
Sexual Dysfunction in the Partner
Infertility
Drugs
Chronic Illness and Cancer
Hysterectomy
Gynecologic Cancer
Pregnancy
ASSESSMENT OF SEXUAL PROBLEMS
Interviewing Techniques
Diagnostic Criteria
Management of Sexual Dysfunction
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Management of Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder
Sexual Dysfunction Midlife and Later
Urogenital Syndrome of Menopause (UGSM): AKA Vulvar Vaginal Atrophy
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Chapter 18: Menopause
HEALTH CONCERNS AFTER MENOPAUSE
Vasomotor Symptoms
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
Sexual Dysfunction
Osteoporosis
Cardiovascular Disease
Breast Cancer
Dementia
HORMONE THERAPY USE
SUMMARY

Chapter 19: Benign Breast Disease
EVALUATION
History
Physical Examination
Breast Self-Examination
Breast Imaging
BREAST TISSUE EVALUATION: HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY
Core Needle Biopsy
BENIGN BREAST CONDITIONS
BREAST MASS
Fibrocystic Change
Fibroepithelial Lesions
Fat Necrosis
PAIN
Mastitis and Breast Abscess
Mondor Disease
Mastalgia
Macromastia
DISORDERS OF THE NIPPLE–AREOLAR COMPLEX
Nipple Discharge
Breast Papilloma
Duct Ectasia
Nipple Inversion and Retraction
Erosive Adenomatosis of the Nipple
Accessory Breast Tissue
BENIGN MAMMOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES
Risk Lesions
Radial Scars
DISORDERS OF BREAST AUGMENTATION
Capsular Contracture
Rupture

Chapter 20: Violence Against Women and Sexual Assault
TERMINOLOGY
CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND MISCONDUCT
REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL COERCION
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
SEXUAL ASSAULT AND RAPE
Rape
Medical Consequences of Sexual Assault
Mental Health Consequences of Sexual Assault
ELDERLY ABUSE


Section III Primary Medical Care

Chapter 21: Preventive Health Care and Screening
GYNECOLOGIST AS A PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER
APPROACHES TO PREVENTIVE CARE
Guidelines for Primary and Preventive Care
Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
Counseling for Health Maintenance

Chapter 22: Primary Care
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Upper Respiratory Infections
Sinusitis
Otitis Media
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Hypertension
Cholesterol
DIABETES MELLITUS
Classification
Diagnosis
Assessment of Glycemic Control
Treatment
THYROID DISEASES
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
Management
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE SYNDROME, DYSAUTONOMIA, AND POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME

Chapter 23: Common Psychiatric Problems
PSYCHIATRY IN THE GYNECOLOGY OFFICE
Psychiatric Assessment
Approach to the Patient
Psychiatric Referral
MOOD DISORDERS
DEPRESSION
Management
BIPOLAR DISORDER
Gynecologic Factors
SUICIDE
ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Diagnosis
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Referral
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Diagnosis
Management
ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
Diagnosis
Management
EATING DISORDERS
Binge-Eating Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
GENDER IDENTITY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Gender Dysphoria
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Other Agents
GENERAL MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Medication Overview

Chapter 24: Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches
DEFINITIONS
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
The Attraction
The Challenge
COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE TECHNIQUES
Natural Products: Botanical Medicine
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Energy Therapies
PATIENT CARE ISSUES
The Placebo Effect
Potential Misuse
The Potential Benefits: Therapeutic Opportunities
Doctor–Patient Interaction
SPECIFIC GYNECOLOGIC ISSUES
Menstrual Disorders
Infertility
Menopause
SURGERY AND COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
Effects on Surgery
Complementary and Integrative Medicine Approaches That May Benefit the Surgical Patient


Section IV Operative Gynecology

Chapter 25: Preoperative Evaluation and Postoperative Management
MEDICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
LABORATORY EVALUATION
PREOPERATIVE DISCUSSION AND INFORMED CONSENT
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Nutrition
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Gynecologic Surgery
Postoperative Infections
Postoperative Gastrointestinal Complications
Thromboembolism
ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY (ERAS)
Rationale for ERAS
Perioperative Diet
Perioperative Fluids
Postoperative Fluid and Electrolyte Management
Tenets of Fluid Management in ERAS
Postoperative Pain Management
Drains
Outcomes of ERAS protocols
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL PROBLEMS
Correction of Existing Fluid and Electrolyte Abnormalities
Endocrine Disease
Cardiovascular Diseases
Hematologic Disorders
Pulmonary Disease
Renal Disease
Liver Disease

Chapter 26: Gynecologic Endoscopy
LAPAROSCOPY
Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Therapeutic (Operative) Laparoscopy
Patient Preparation and Communication
Equipment and Technique
Complications
HYSTEROSCOPY
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
Operative Hysteroscopy
Endometrial Ablation
Patient Preparation and Communication
Equipment and Technique
Complications

Chapter 27: Hysterectomy
INDICATIONS
Leiomyomas
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Intractable Dysmenorrhea
Pelvic Pain
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Obstetric Emergency
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Endometriosis
Pelvic Mass or Benign Ovarian Tumor
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
Health Assessment
Hysterectomy versus Supracervical Hysterectomy
Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Concurrent Surgical Procedures
Choice of Surgical Access: Vaginal, Abdominal, or Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
PERIOPERATIVE CHECKLIST
TECHNIQUE
Abdominal Hysterectomy
Vaginal Hysterectomy
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF HYSTERECTOMY
Incisional Pain and Infections
Hemorrhage
Urinary Tract Complications
DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS
Readmission and Emergency Department Visits After Discharge
GENERAL PELVIC SYMPTOMS AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Sexual Function

Chapter 28: Robotics
ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY AND DIFFERENCES WITH LAPAROSCOPY
Robotic Column
Robotic Console
Instrumentation
TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS
Trocars
Docking
CERTIFICATION AND CREDENTIALING IN ROBOTICS
Assistant
TEACHING ROBOTICS
ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS IN BENIGN GYNECOLOGY
Hysterectomy
Myomectomy
Adnexectomy
Endometriosis
Appendectomy
Sacrocolpopexy
GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
Endometrial Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Advanced Cervical Cancer: Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy Prior to Chemoradiation
Ovarian Cancer
COMPLICATIONS UNIQUE TO ROBOTICS
Disadvantages of Robotics


Section V Urogynecology

Chapter 29: Urinary Tract
INTRODUCTION
Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract
Innervation of the Bladder and Urethra
The Physiology of Storage and Voiding
URINARY INCONTINENCE
Definitions
Prevention

Chapter 30: Pelvic Organ Prolapse
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Definitions
SURGICAL ANATOMY
Apical Compartment
Anterior Compartment
Posterior Compartment
EVALUATION
Symptoms
Physical Examination
Bladder Function Evaluation
Bowel Function Evaluation
Imaging
Treatment
Nonsurgical Therapy
Surgical Management
Vaginal Procedures
The Anterior Compartment
The Posterior Compartment
Abdominal Procedures
Vaginal Obliterative Procedures
Comparison of Abdominal Versus Vaginal Approaches

Chapter 31: Anorectal Dysfunction
NORMAL COLORECTAL FUNCTION
Stool Formation and Colonic Transit
Storage
Continence Mechanism
Evacuation
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Defecatory Dysfunction
Fecal Incontinence
SYMPTOM-BASED APPROACH TO COLORECTAL DISORDERS
Differential Diagnosis
Structural Versus Functional Disorders
Pitfalls for the Pelvic Floor Surgeon
HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
History
Physical Examination
TESTING
Fecal Incontinence
Disordered Defecation
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO FECAL INCONTINENCE
Nonsurgical Treatment
Surgical Treatment
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
Nonsurgical Treatment
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO ACUTE CONSTIPATION
Adjunctive Therapies
Surgical Treatment


Section VI Early Pregnancy Issues

Chapter 32: Early Pregnancy Loss and Ectopic Pregnancy
ABNORMAL INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY
Spontaneous Abortion
Missed Abortion
Threatened Abortion
Inevitable Abortion
Incomplete Abortion
ECTOPIC GESTATION
Incidence
Etiology and Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Types of Ectopic Pregnancy

Chapter 33: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
ETIOLOGY
Genetic Factors
Thrombophilias
Anatomic Abnormalities
Endocrine Abnormalities
Maternal Infection
Immunologic Phenomena
Male Factors
Other Factors
Environmental Factors
PRECONCEPTION EVALUATION
History
Physical Examination
Recommended Testing
Tests With Unproven Utility
POSTCONCEPTION EVALUATION
THERAPY
Genetic Abnormalities
Anatomic Anomalies
Endocrine Abnormalities
Infections
Immunologic Factors
Psychological Support
PROGNOSIS


Section VII Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility

Chapter 34: Amenorrhea
AMENORRHEA WITHOUT SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea
Evaluation of Women With Amenorrhea Associated With the Absence of Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Treatment of Amenorrhea Associated With the Absence of Secondary Sexual Characteristics
AMENORRHEA WITH SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ABNORMALITIES OF PELVIC ANATOMY
Causes
Evaluation of Women With Amenorrhea, Normal Secondary Sexual Characteristics, and Suspected Anatomic Abnormalities
Treatment of Women With Amenorrhea, Normal Secondary Sexual Characteristics, and Abnormalities of Pelvic Anatomy
AMENORRHEA WITH SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NORMAL PELVIC ANATOMY
Causes
Evaluation for Women With Amenorrhea in the Presence of Normal Pelvic Anatomy and Normal Secondary Sexual
Characteristics
Treatment for Women With Amenorrhea in the Presence of Normal Pelvic Anatomy and Normal Secondary Sexual
Characteristics

Chapter 35: Endocrine Disorders
HYPERANDROGENISM
Hirsutism
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Treatment of Hyperandrogenism and PCOS
Cushing Syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Androgen-Secreting Ovarian and Adrenal Tumors
Androgen-Producing Ovarian Neoplasms
Stromal Hyperplasia and Stromal Hyperthecosis
Virilization During Pregnancy
Virilizing Adrenal Neoplasms
PROLACTIN DISORDERS
Prolactin Secretion
Hyperprolactinemia
THYROID DISORDERS
Thyroid Hormones
Evaluation
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Chapter 36: Infertility
EPIDEMIOLOGY
INITIAL ASSESSMENT
CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
Impact of Lifestyle on Fertility
Male Factor
Female Age and Decreased Ovarian Reserve
Ovulatory Factor
Tubal Factor
Uterine Factors
Pelvic Factor
Unexplained Infertility
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) Process
ART SUCCESS RATES
National IVF Outcomes Registry
Third Party Reproduction
Oocyte Cryopreservation
Complications of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening
Preimplantation Genetic Screening
Preservation of Fertility in Cancer Patients


Section VIII Gynecologic Oncology

Chapter 37: Uterine Cancer
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
Fertility-Sparing Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER SCREENING IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Surveillance and Prevention in Patients at High Risk
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Pathology
Pretreatment Evaluation
Clinical Staging
Surgical Staging
Prognostic Variables
Surgical Treatment
Patterns of Metastatic Dissemination: Implications for Postoperative and Disease-Based Adjuvant Treatment
MODALITIES OF POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT
Observation
Recurrent Disease
UTERINE SARCOMA
Classification and Staging

Chapter 38: Cervical and Vaginal Cancer
CERVICAL CANCER
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Evaluation
Staging
Pathology
Treatment Options
Surgery
Postoperative Management
Primary Radiation Therapy
Special Considerations
Recurrent Cervical Cancer
VAGINAL CARCINOMA
Staging
Etiology
Screening
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Pathology
Treatment
Sequelae
Survival

Chapter 39: Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer
EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER
Pathology
Clinical Features
Etiology
Prevention
Screening
Genetic Risk for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Symptoms
Signs
Diagnosis
Patterns of Spread
Transcoelomic
Lymphatic
Hematogenous
Prognostic Factors
Initial Surgery for Ovarian Cancer
Chemotherapy
Bevacizumab
Survival
NONEPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCERS
Germ Cell Malignancies
Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors
Uncommon Ovarian Cancers
METASTATIC TUMORS
Gynecologic
Nongynecologic

Chapter 40: Vulvar Cancer
ETIOLOGY
TYPES OF INVASIVE VULVAR CANCER
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
MELANOMA
Histopathology
Staging
Treatment
Prognosis
BARTHOLIN GLAND CARCINOMA
Epidemiology
Histopathology
Signs and Symptoms
Prognosis
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA OF THE BARTHOLIN GLAND
OTHER ADENOCARCINOMAS
Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Verrucous Carcinoma
VULVAR SARCOMA
RARE VULVAR MALIGNANCIES
Lymphomas
METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE VULVA

Chapter 41: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
HYDATIDIFORM MOLES
Epidemiology
Pathology and Cytogenetics
Advances in Pathologic Diagnosis
Clinical Features
Natural History
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-Up
GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA
Nonmetastatic Disease
Metastatic Disease
Staging and Prognostic Score
Diagnostic Evaluation
Management of GTN
CHEMOTHERAPY
Single-Agent Treatment
Combination Chemotherapy
Management of Refractory GTN
Duration of Therapy
False-Positive hCG Tests
Persistent Low-Level “Real” hCG
Subsequent Pregnancies

Chapter 42: Breast Cancer
CARCINOGENESIS
BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS
Age
Family History
Reproductive and Hormonal Factors
Personal History of Cancer
DIAGNOSIS
Breast Cancer Screening
Physical Examination
PATHOLOGY
In Situ Carcinoma
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Invasive Carcinoma
Receptor Testing
Staging
MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER
Staging Workup
Radical Mastectomy
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Total Mastectomy
Skin-Sparing Mastectomy
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy
Breast Conservation Therapy With or Without Radiation Therapy
Axillary Staging
SYSTEMIC THERAPY
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy
Hormonal Therapy
HER2-Targeted Therapy
Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
SPECIAL BREAST CANCERS
Paget Disease
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer in Pregnancy

Index