Key points
Introduction
Scales in Parkinson disease
Scales in essential tremor
Scales in dystonia
Scales in Tourette syndrome
Scales in Huntington disease
Scales in tardive dyskinesia
Scales in Wilson disease
Scales in ataxia
Scales in functional (psychogenic) movement disorders
Digital assessment tools
Pharmacologic Treatment of Motor Symptoms Associated with Parkinson Disease
Key points
Introduction
Classes of antiparkinsonian drugs
Early monotherapy
Adjunct therapies in stable disease
Treatment of levodopa-induced motor complications
Treatment of levodopa-resistant motor complications
Treatment of Nonmotor Symptoms Associated with Parkinson Disease
Key points
Introduction
Mood disorders
Cognitive dysfunction
Behavioral issues
Sleep disturbances
Autonomic dysfunction
Visual system disturbances
Musculoskeletal and skin disturbances
Surgical Treatment of Parkinson Disease
Key points
Introduction
Indications for surgical treatment of Parkinson disease
Targeted lesions for Parkinson disease
Deep brain stimulation
Summary
Current and Emerging Treatments of Essential Tremor
Key points
Introduction
Alcohols
Beta-adrenergic antagonists
Primidone and other barbiturates
Topiramate
Benzodiazepines
Alpha-2 delta calcium channel antagonists
Other antiepileptic medications
Calcium channel blockers
Miscellaneous oral medications
Investigational oral agents
Botulinum toxin injections
Deep brain stimulation and thalamotomy
Novel peripheral electric and mechanical hand tremor treatments
Summary
Medical and Surgical Treatments for Dystonia
Key points
Overview
Patient evaluation
Nonpharmacologic treatment options
Pharmacologic treatment options
Local treatment options
Surgical treatment options
Experimental therapeutics and the future of treatment
Putting it all together
Long-term outcomes
Summary
Medical and Surgical Treatments of Tourette Syndrome
Key points
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Overview: nature of the problem
Patient evaluation overview
Management goals
Pharmacologic treatment options
Nonpharmacologic treatment options
Combination therapies
Surgical treatment options
Treatment resistance and complications
Evaluation of outcome, adjustment of treatment, and long-term recommendations
Summary
Medical, Surgical, and Genetic Treatment of Huntington Disease
Key points
Introduction
Treatment
Other ongoing disease-modifying clinical trials in Huntington disease
Summary
Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia
Key points
Introduction and overview
Management goals
General approach
Pharmacologic treatments
Deep brain stimulation
Other treatment options
Summary
Principles of Medical and Surgical Treatment of Cerebral Palsy
Key points
Overview: nature of the problem
Management goals and patient evaluation
Pharmacologic treatment options
Nonpharmacologic therapy-based, surgical, and combination management
Adjusting treatment and evaluation of outcome
Treatment over the lifespan
Summary
Wilson Disease: An Overview and Approach to Management
Key points
Introduction
Clinical presentation
Age at presentation
Neurologic symptoms
Hepatic dysfunction
Psychiatric manifestations
Ophthalmologic dysfunction
Other clinical manifestations
Genetics and epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria
Management
Medications
Liver transplant
Diet
Symptom management
Prevention
Prognosis
Approach to management
Treatment of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia
Key points
Overview: nature of the problem
Patient evaluation overview
Management goals
Pharmacologic treatment options
Nonpharmacologic treatment options
Combination therapies
Surgical treatment options
Treatment resistance/complications/disease recurrence
Evaluation of outcome, adjustment of treatment, and long-term recommendations
Summary
An Overview of the Current State and the Future of Ataxia Treatments
Key points
Introduction
Disease-modifying treatments of ataxia
Summary
Supplementary data
Treatment of Functional Movement Disorders
Key points
Introduction
Terminology
Diagnostic criteria
The biopsychosocial model
Prognosis
Treatment
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Multidisciplinary treatment
Psychological treatment
Complementary and integrative medicine
Pharmacologic treatment
Botulinum toxin
Other treatments
Treatment obstacles
Summary