The sixth edition of The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology presents state-of-the-art
knowledge and common-sense practice in all areas of clinical pediatric urology in a single, easily accessible volume.
Clinical in orientation and practical in presentation, it covers every disorder and disease, diagnostic method, and
appropriate treatment in pediatric urology from the embryo onwards. Widely acknowledged as the leading reference
in the field, the book is essential reading for all practitioners who deal with urological disorders of childhood,
whether trainees, residents or experienced specialists.
The book begins with chapters on evaluating the patient and general principles of pediatric urology, including the use
of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques and the increasing importance of minimally invasive surgical techniques.
It then proceeds through the entire urinary tract from adrenal gland to external genitalia, discussing anatomy, normal
and abnormal development, anomalies and diseases and their treatment.
SECTION 1: Evaluation of the Pediatric Urologic Patient 1
1. History and Physical Examination of the Child 3
2. Laboratory Assessment of the Pediatric Urologic Patient 28
3. Fetal Urology and Prenatal Diagnosis 35
4. In-Office Ultrasonography 54
5. Pediatric Renal Nuclear Medicine 70
6. Prenatal and Postnatal Urologic Emergencies 100
7. Urinary Tract Infections in Children 148
8. Fungal, Parasitic, and Other Inflammatory Diseases of the Genitourinary Tract 212
9. Anesthesia and Pain Management for the Pediatric Urology Patient 234
10. Office Pediatric Urology 248
11. Principles of Minimally Invasive Surgery 261
12. Pediatric Fluid Management 271
13. Problems with Transitional Care 279
14. Embryology of the Genitourinary Tract 285
SECTION 2: The Adrenal 289
15. Adrenal or Suprarenal Gland Development 291
16. Radiological Assessment of the Adrenal 295
17. Adrenal Tumors and Functional Consequences 303
18. Surgery of the Adrenal in Pediatric Patients 312
SECTION 3: The Kidney
19. Basic Science of the Kidney 325
20. Renal Vasculature and Kidney 337
21. Renal Anomalles 348
22. Fetal and Neonatal Renal Function 367
23. Cystic Kidney Disease 381
24. Acute Kidney Injury 411
25. Renal Transplantation 419
26. Renal Calculus Disease 431
27. Endourology for Stone Disease 442
28. Renal Parenchymal Imaging in Children 470
29. Assessment of Renal Obstructive Disorders: Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine, and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging 495
30. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstructive and Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney: Surgical Management 505
31. Laparoscopic and Robotic Nephrectomy and Pyeloplasty 515
32. Wilms' Tumor 525
33. Surgical Approaches for Pediatric and Adolescent Renal Tumors 548
34. Upper Urinary Tract Trauma 562
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SECTION 4: The Ureter 573
35. The Ureter 575
36. Ureteral Development 585
37. The Imaging of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteral Disease 588
38. Ureteral Anomalles and Their Surgical Management 604
39. Megaureter 610
40. Ureteral Duplication Anomalles: Ectopic Ureters and Ureteroceles 625
41. Laparoscopic Management of Duplication Anomalles 678
42. Vesicoureteral Reflux: Etiology-Anatomical and Functional 685
43. Nonsurgical Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux 693
44. Surgery for Vesicoureteral Reflux 708
45. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Correct Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux 721
46. Injection Therapy for Vesicoureteral Reflux 729
SECTION 5: The Bladder and Prostate 749
47. Basic Science of Prostatic Development 751
48. Basic Science of the Urinary Bladder 761
49. Embryology of the Anterior Abdominal Wall, Bladder, and Proximal Urethra 774
50. Radiologic Assessment of Bladder Disorders 780
51. Urodynamics of the Lower Urinary Tract 788
52. Neurological Control of Storage and Voiding 803
53. Neurogenic Volding Dysfunction and Functional Volding Disorders: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management 820
54. Diumal and Nocturnal Enuresis 853
55. Constipation and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 873
56. Operations for the Weak Bladder Outlet 884
57. Bladder Augmentation: Current and Future Techniques 911
58. Urinary Diversion 949
59. The Malone Antegrade Continence Enema (MACE) 980
60. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction 990
61. Genitourinary Rhabdomyosarcoma and Other Bladder Tumors 1000
62. Exstrophy and Epispadias 1029
63. Unusual Conditions of the Blader, Including Blader Trauma, Urachal Anomalles,
and Bladder Diverticula 1076
64. Posterior Urethral Valves 1087
65. Prune Belly Syndrome 1108
66. Sugical Excision of Urachal Anomalles 1135
SECTION 6: Urethra, External Genitalia, and Retroperltoneum 1139
67. Basic Science ofthe Genitalia 1141
68. Basic Science of the Testis 1150
69. Gonads, Genital Ducts, and Genitalia 1166
70. Disorders of Sex Development 1173
71. Anorectal Malformations and Cloaca 1195
72. Surgery for Intersex Disorders and Urogenital Sinus 1215
73. Hypospadias 1232
74. Pediatric Urethral Trauma and Stricture 1259
75. Abnormalities of the Penis and Scrotum 1268
76. Penile Replacement Surgery 1297
77. Hernia, Hydrocele, Testicular Torsion, and Varlcocele 1313
78. Minimally Invasive Management of Inguinal Hernias 1334
79. Cryptorchidism 1345
80. Surgical Treatment 1359
81. Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors in Children 1370
82. Tumors of the Retroperitoneum 1381
SECTION 7: Looking to the Future 1401
83. Tissue Engineering for Pediatric Urology 1403
84. Tumors of the Retroperitoneum 1414
Study Guide Questions 1423
Index 1431