Body Imaging: Thorax and Abdomen

Body Imaging: Thorax and Abdomen reflects the realities of your everyday work: it describes the principal anatomic
landmarks so that you can orient yourself in the chest and abdomen with speed and confidence, interpret the findings,
and make a diagnosis.

Features:
* Description of key anatomic landmarks for rapid, confident orientation in the chest and abdomen
* Precise, step-by-step guide to making the diagnosis
* Key points summarized in boxes and tables

Comprehensive coverage
* All the modalities in one volume; no need for lengthy lookups in multiple books
* Focuses on the sectional modalities of CT and MRI, but includes plain radiographs and ultrasound as well

Answers to questions such as:
* Which modality is preferred?
* How are abnormalities recognized?
* How is the correct diagnosis derived?
* Differential diagnosis: What diseases are possible for any given set of symptoms and findings?

Richly illustrated
* More than 1500 superb images drawn from the latest generation of imaging technology, with explanatory diagrams
showing details of anatomy and pathology
* Your radiology workstation in book form-structured, comparative, easy to use




Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Abbreviations

Part 1: Chest
1. Mediastinum
Gabriele A. Krombach
1.1 Anatomy
1.2 Evaluation of the Mediastinum on Conventional Radiographs
1.2.1 Silhouette Sign
1.2.2 Edge-on Effect
1.3 Diffuse Mediastinal Diseases
1.3.1 Acute Mediastinitis
1.3.2 Chronic Mediastinitis and Multifocal Fibrosclerosis
1.4 Mediastinal Masses
1.4.1 Anterior Mediastinum
Intrathoracic Goiter
Thymic Hyperplasia
Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
Thymic Cysts
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Thymus; Thymic and Mediastinal Carcinoids
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors
Liposarcoma
Sarcomas
Cystic Masses
Lymphangioma and Cystic Hygroma
1.4.2 Middle Mediastinum
Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Castleman's Disease (Angiofollicular Hyperplasia)
1.4.3 Posterior Mediastinum
Neurogenie Tumors
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Bochdalek, Morgagni, and Larrey Hernias
1.5 Trauma with Mediastinal Injury: Pneumomediastinum
Bibliography
2.Heart and Pericardium
Gabriele A. Krombach
2.1 Heart
2.1.1 Anatomy
Cardiac Borders
Cardiac Chambers
2.1.2 Diseases
Heart Failure
Coronary Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiac Tumors
Acquired Valvular Disease
2.2 Pericardium
2.2.1 Anatomy
2.2.2 Diseases
Pericarditis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Pericardial Masses
Pericardial Aplasia
Bibliography
3. Large Vessels
Andreas H. Mahnken
3.1 Aorta
3.1.1 Anatomy
3.1.2 Development
3.1.3 Congenital Anomalies
Variants in the Origins of Supra-aortic Vessels
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery and Kommerell Diverticulum
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta
Double Aortic Arch
Right Aortic Arch
Congenital Abdominal Aortic Stenosis
3.1.4 Diseases
Aortic Aneurysms
Acute Aortic Syndrome
Aortic Dissection
Intramural Hematoma
Penetrating Aortic Ulcer
Aortic Rupture
Leriche Syndrome
Coral Reef Aorta
Aortitis
Vasculitis
Malignant Vascular Tumors
Aortic Fistulas
Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet and Thoracic Inlet Syndrome
3.2 Vena Cava and Large Veins
3.2.1 Anatomy
3.2.2 Development
3.2.3 Congenital Anomalies
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava
Left-Sided and Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava
Azygos or Hemiazygos Continuation
3.2.4 Diseases
Nutcracker Syndrome
May-Thurner Syndrome
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Vena Cava Thrombosis
Tumor Thrombi in the Vena Cava
3-3 Pulmonary Vessels
3.3.1 Anatomy
3-3.2 Development
3-3-3 Congenital Anomalies
Pulmonary Artery Agenesis
Pulmonary Artery Sling
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
3.3.4 Diseases
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Hypertension
Arteriovenous Malformations
Bibliography
4. Lung and Pleura
Gabriele A. Krombach
4.1 Anatomy
4.1.1 Pleura and Interlobar Fissures
4.1.2 Trachea and Pulmonary Segments
4.1.3 Vessels
4.1.4 Pulmonary Veins
4.1.5 Lung Parenchyma
4.2 Tracheobronchial System
4.2.1 Normal Variant: Tracheal Bronchus
4.2.2 Tracheal Stenosis and Tracheopathia Osteochondroplastica
4.2.3 Bronchiectasis
4.2.4 Bronchiolitis
4.2.5 Constrictive Bronchiolitis
4.2.6 Emphysema, Alpha -Antitrypsin Deficiency, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
4.2.7 Atelectasis
4.3 Lung
4.3.1 Congenital Malformations
Malformations of the Lung
4.3.2 Infections
Pneumonia
Septic Emboli
Tuberculosis
Aspergillosis
Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome
4.3.3 Neoplasms
Pulmonary Nodules
Lung Cancer
Hamartoma
4.3.4 Diffuse Lung Diseases
Interstitial Lung Diseases: Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Sarcoidosis
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Histiocytosis X
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Pulmonary Involvement by Tuberous Sclerosis
Cystic Fibrosis
4.3.5 Pneumoconioses
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Other Pneumoconioses
Summary
4.3.6 Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
4.3.7 Pulmonary Trauma
Trauma Due to Smoke Inhalation, Fire, or Toxic Gases
Mixed Aspiration Events
4.3.8 Vasculitides
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
4.3.9 Connective Tissue Diseases
4.3.10 Amyloidosis
4.3.11 Goodpasture's Syndrome, Intrapulmonary Hemorrhage
4.3.12 Alveolar Microlithiasis
4.3.13 Alveolar Proteinosis
4.3.14 Pulmonary Infarction
4.3.15 Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
4.4 Pleura
4.4.1 Pneumothorax
4.4.2 Pleural Effusion
4.4.3 Pleural Empyema
4.4.4 Pleural Mesothelioma
Bibliography
Part 2: Abdomen
5. Liver
Guenther Schneider and Gabriele A. Krombach
5.1 Anatomy
5.2 Anatomical Variants
5.3 Imaging
5.3.1 Landmarks
5.3.2 Imaging Techniques
Ultrasonography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Unenhanced Imaging Techniques
Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Techniques
5.4 Vascular Diseases
5.4.1 Portal Vein Thrombosis
5.4.2 Budd-Chiari Syndrome
5.4.3 Rendu-Osler-Weber Disease
5.5 Focal Hepatic Lesions
5.5.1 Primary Hepatic Lesions
Mesenchymal Lesions
Primary Hepatocellular Lesions
5.5.2 Secondary Hepatic Lesions
Hepatic Metastases
Inflammatory Changes: Hepatic Abscess
Parasitic Lesions
5.5.3 Pseudolesions of the Liver Parenchyma
Focal Fatty Infiltration and Fatty Sparing
5.6 Diffuse Liver Diseases
5.6.1 Cirrhosis
5.6.2 Iron Storage Diseases
Hemochromatosis
Hemosiderosis
Hepatie Steatosis
5.7 Liver Injuries
Bibliography
6. Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
Horst D. Litzlbauer
6.1 Anatomy
6.1.1 Biliary Fluid
6.1.2 Biliary Capillaries and Bile Ducts
6.1.3 Gallbladder
6.1.4 Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nerves
6.2 Physiology and Pathophysiology
6.2.1 Cholestasis (Obstructive Jaundice)
6.3 Imaging
6.3.1 Conventional Radiography
6.3.2 Ultrasonography
Initial Ultrasound Examination
Ultrasound Evaluation of Gallbladder Function
6.3.3 Computed Tomography
6.34 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
6.3.5 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage
6.4 Normal Variants, Developmental Anomalies, and Congenital Disorders
6.4.1 Anatomical Variants
Variants of the Gallbladder
Variants of the Bile Ducts and Biliary Vessels
6.4.2 Biliary Atresia
6.4.3 Choledochal Cysts
6.4.4 Caroli's Disease and Caroli's Syndrome
6.5 Acquired Diseases
6.5.1 Gallstones and Their Sequelae
Silent Cholelithiasis Symptomatic Cholecystolithiasis
Gallbladder Hydrops and Empyema
Chronic Cholecystitis and Porcelain Gallbladder
Mirizzi's Syndrome
6.5.2 Inflammatory and Infectious Biliary Tract Diseases
Ascending Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
6.5.3 Benign Tumors and Hyperplastic Changes
Gallbladder Polyps
Benign Hyperplasia of the Gallbladder Wall (Adenomyomatosis and Cholesterolosis)
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
6.5.4 Malignant Tumors
Gallbladder Carcinoma
Biliary Cystadenocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
6.5.5 Injuries and Posttherapeutic Changes
Injuries of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tree
Changes after Cholecystectomy
Changes after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage
Chemotherapy-induced Cholangitis and Cholecystitis
Bibliography
7. Pancreas
Lars Grenacher and Franziska Fritz
7.1 Anatomy
7.1.1 Position
Histology
7.1.2
Blood Supply
7.1.3 Development
7.1.4 Imaging Landmarks
7.1.5 Normal Variants and Congenital Anomalies
Pancreas divisum
Annular Pancreas
7.2 Nonneoplastic Diseases
7.2.1 Acute Pancreatitis
7.2.2 Chronic Pancreatitis
Subtype: Autoimmune Pancreatitis
7.3 Neoplastic Diseases
7.3.1 Ductal Adenocarcinoma
7.3.2 Neuroendocrine Tumors
7.3.3 Cystic Lesions
Unilocular Cysts: Pseudocysts
Microcystic Lesions: Serous Cystadenoma
Macrocystic Lesions
Cysts with Solid Components: Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor
Differential Diagnosis of Cystic Tumors
Summary
7.4 Generalized Pancreatic Changes
7.4.1 Pancreatic Lipoma
7.4.2 Cystic Fibrosis
7.4.3 Primary Hemochromatosis
Bibliography
8. Gastrointestinal Tract
Thomas C. Lauenstein and Lale Umutlu
8.1 Anatomy
8.1.1 Position and Divisions
8.1.2 Imaging Landmarks
8.2 Imaging
8.2.1 Radiography
8.2.2 Computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
8.2.3 Contrast Media Diseases of the Esophagus
8.3.1 Achalasia
8.3.2 Esophageal Diverticula
8.3.3 Esophageal Varices
8.3.4 Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
8.3.5 Hiatal Hernia
8.3.6 Esophageal Carcinoma Diseases of the Gastroduodenum
8.4.1 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
8.4.2 Diverticula
8.4.3 Peptic Ulcer Disease
8.4.4 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
8.4.5 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
8.4.6 Lymphoma
8.4.7 Gastric Carcinoma Diseases of the Jejunum and Ileum
8.5.1 Meckel's Diverticulum
8.5.2 Intestinal Obstruction
8.5-3 Intussusception
8.5.4 Mesenteric Ischemia
8.5.5 Hemorrhage
8.5.6 Crohn's Disease
8.5.7 Adenocarcinoma
8.5.8 Carcinoid Tumors
8.6 Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
8.6.1 Volvulus
8.6.2 Appendicitis
8.6.3 Epiploic Appendagitis
8.6.4 Pseudomembranous Colitis
8.6.5 Ulcerative Colitis
8.6.6 Imaging signs
8.6.7 Clinical features
8.6.8 Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
8.6.9 Colorectal Carcinoma
8.6.10 Ogilvie's Syndrome
Bibliography
9. Spleen and Lymphatic System
Christoph Thomas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Spleen
9.2.1 Anatomy
9.2.2 Imaging
Radiography
Ultrasound
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
9.2.3 Anomalies and Normal Variants
Accessory Spleen
Asplenia and Polysplenia
9.2.4 Diseases
Differential Diagnosis of Splenomegaly
Splenic Infarction
Splenic Cysts
Splenic Abscess
Neoplastic Diseases
Splenic Metastases
Splenic Rupture
Splenic Artery Aneurysm
9.3 Lymph Nodes
9.3.1 Anatomy
9.3.2 Imaging
Ultrasound
Chest Radiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
9.3.3 Diseases
Differential Diagnosis of Lymph Node Enlargement
Malignant Lymphoma
Castleman's Disease
Sarcoidosis
Multiple Myeloma
Bibliography
10. Adrenal Glands
Andreas Saleh
10.1 Anatomy
10.2 Imaging
10.2.1 Ultrasound
Adults
Children
10.2.2 Computed Tomography
10.2.3 Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
10.2.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10.2.5 Adrenal Vein Sampling
10.3 Diseases
10.3.1 Incidentalomas
10.3.2 Functional Disorders
Hypercortisolism
Hyperaldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Virilization
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
10.3.3 Tumors
Adrenal Cysts
Adrenal Myelolipoma
Adrenal Adenomas
Adrenal Metastases
Neuroblastoma
Adrenal Hematoma
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Bibliography
11. Kidney and Urinary Tract
Ulrike Attenberger, Johanna Nissen, and Metin Sertdemir
11.1 Kidney
11.1.1 Imaging
Ultrasound
Radiography
Voiding Cystourethrography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11.1.2 Anatomy and Congenital Variants
Anatomy
Congenital Variants
11.1.3 Diseases
Masses
Inflammatory Changes
Vascular Changes
11.1.4 Renal Transplantation
Preoperative Evaluation
Postoperative Period
11.2 Urinary Tract
11.2.1 Retroperitoneal Masses
11.2.2 Congenital Variants
11.2.3 Bladder Masses
11.2.4 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract
11.2.5 Ureteral Stones
11.2.6 Urachal Cysts
Bibliography
12. Female Pelvis
C?ine D. Alt
12.1 Anatomy
12.1.1 External and Internal Genitalia
12.1.2 Suspensory Apparatus
12.1.3 Pelvic Floor
12.1.4 Blood Supply
12.1.5 Lymphatic Drainage
12.2 Imaging
12.2.1 Transabdominal Ultrasound
12.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
12.2.3 Computed Tomography
12.2.4 Differential Diagnosis
12.3 Congenital Anomalies
12.3.1 Bicornuate Uterus, Uterus Didelphys, and (Sub) Septate Uterus
12.3.2 Hymenal Atresia
12.3-3 Uterovaginal Agenesis
12.4 Diseases
12.4.1 Inflammatory Changes
Tuberculosis of the Genital Tract
Vaginal Fistulas
12.4.2 Benign Lesions and Pseudotumors
Cysts of the Uterus, Vulva, and Vagina
Ovarian and Tubal Torsion
Polyps
Leiomyomas
Endometriosis
12.4.3 Malignant Lesions
Endometrial Carcinoma
Cervical Carcinoma
Vaginal Carcinoma
Vulvar Carcinoma
Recurrent Tumors
Sarcomas of the Pelvic Organs
Pelvic Lymphoma
Ovarian Tumors
Fallopian Tube Carcinoma
Bibliography
13. Male Pelvis
Tobias Franiel
13.1 Testis and Epididymis
13.1.1 Imaging
13.1.2 Anatomy
13.1.3 Congenital Disorders: Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)
13.1.4 Vascular Diseases
Varicocele
Testicular Torsion
13.1.5 Inflammatory Diseases: Epididymitis and Epididymo-orchitis
13.1.6 Traumatic Disorders: Testicular Trauma
13.1.7 Benign Intrascrotal Masses
Hydrocele
Spermatocele
Testicular Microlithiasis
13.1.8 Malignant Neoplasms
Testicular Tumors
Epididymal Tumors
13.2 Penis
13.2.1 Imaging
13.2.2 Anatomy
13.2.3 Vascular Disorders
Priapism
Cavernosal Thrombosis
13.2.4 Inflammatory Disorders: Peyronie's Disease
13.2.5 Traumatic Disorders: Penile Fracture
13.2.6 Penile Carcinoma
13.3 Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
13.3.1 Imaging
13.3.2 Anatomy
13.3.3 Prostatitis
13.3.4 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
13.3.5 Prostate Cancer
Bibliography

Index