Atlas of Fetal Echocardiography-2판

1. Fetal Embryology 1
?Formation of the Fetal Heart 1
?Physiology of Fetal Circulation 5
2. Indications 9
?Indications of the Fetal Echo 9
?Etiology of Cardiac Malformation 9
3. Basics of Doppler 13
?Frequency Shift 13
?Doppler Shift 13
?Color Doppler 13
?Knobology 19
4. Step-by-Step Approach to Fetal Heart 23
?Basic Fetal Cardiac Examination 24
?Extended Basic Cardiac Examination 25
?Echogenic Intracardiac Focus 26
5. Cardiac Examination 31
6. Normal Situs 37
?Fetal Thoracic Anatomy 37
?Step-by-step Approach to Situs 38
?Fetal Cardiac Axis 41
7. Four-Chamber Heart 44
?Step-by-step Four-chamber View of the Heart 45
?Normal Orientation of the Fetal Heart 48
?Five-chamber View of the Fetal Heart 48
?Ventricular Septum 50
?Atria 51
?Atrial Septum 52
?Atrioventricular Valves 53
8. Doppler Echocardiography 56
?Fetal Cardiovascular Physiology 57
?Doppler Waveform Quantification 58
?Atrioventricular Valves 59
9. Fetal Arrhythmias 62
?Conduction System 63
?Assessment of Fetal Rhythm 64
?Arrhythmia 64
?Tachyarrhythmias 66
10. Outflow Tract Abnormalities 71
?Outflow Tract Abnormalities 72
?Crux Abnormality 77

xiv Atlas of Fetal Echocardiography
11. Fetal Dissection 81
12. Images of Fetal ECHO Tract and Dissection 93
?Images of Fetal Echo 93
?Assessment of Fetal Cardiac Axis 96
?Assessment of Fetal Situs 98
?Four-chamber View of Normal Heart 101
?Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) 113
?Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) 123
?Tracheal and Arch Views of the Heart 132
?Additional Views of the Heart 144
?Fetal Heart Dissection 148
13. Normal Heart Images 159
14. Fetal Heart Images (Abnormal) 203
15. Frequently Asked Questions and their Answers 244
Index 265