Fetal and Neonatal Physiology 5판 2Vols

Fetal & Neonatal Physiology provides neonatologist fellows and physicians with the essential information they need to
effectively diagnose, treat, and manage sick and premature infants. Fully comprehensive, this 2-volume resource
continues to serve as an excellent reference tool, focusing on the basic science needed for exam preparation and the
key information required for full-time practice.

The 5th edition is the most substantially updated and revised edition ever. In the 5 years since the last edition
published, there have been thousands of publications on various aspects of development of health and disease; Fetal
and
Neonatal Physiology synthesizes this knowledge into definitive guidance for today's busy practitioner.

New to this Edition
뷙xpert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the
text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
뷚eatures a fantastic new 4-color design with 1,000 illustrations, 170+ chapters, and over 350 contributors.
?6 new chapters cover such hot topics as Epigenetics; Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction;
Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation; The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Newborn; Hereditary Contribution to
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia; Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia; Cerebellar
Development; Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis; Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn;
Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; Pathophysiology of Ventilator Dependent Infants; Pathophysiology of
Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury; Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury; Pathophysiology of Meningitis;
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia; and Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis.
뷣ew Pathophysiology of Neonatal Diseases section highlights every process associated with a disease or injury, all in
one place.
뷞n-depth information, combined with end-of-chapter summaries, enables deep or quick use of the text.

Key Features
뷤ffers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature
infants.
뷖hapters devoted to clinical correlation help explain the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology.
뷒llows you to apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and
neuroimaging, and much more.

Author Information
By Richard A. Polin, MD, William T. Speck Professor of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia
University; Director, Division of Neonatology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York - Presbyterian, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, New York ; Steven H. Abman, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado
School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado; David
Rowitch, MD, PhD, Professor of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Chief, Division of Neonatology, UCSF Benioff Children's
Hospital San Francisco, San Francisco, California and William E. Benitz, MD, Philip Sunshine Professor in Neonatology,
Chief, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Director of Nurseries,
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California

Table of Contents
Section I - Genetics and Embryology


Basic Genetic Principles



Prenatal Diagnosis



Basic Embryology



Regulation of Embryogenesis



The Extracellular Matrix in Development



Stem Cell Biology



Apoptotic Cell Death



Angiogenesis



Epigenetics


Section II - Placenta and Intrauterine Environment


Placental Development



Regulation of the Placental Circulation



Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta



Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta



Fetal and Maternal Responses to Intrauterine Infection



Fetal Origins of Adult Disease: A Classic Hypothesis with New Relevance



Physiologic Effects of Multiple Pregnancy on Mother and Fetus



Placental function in intrauterine growth restriction


Section III - Developmental Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics


Basic Pharmacologic Principles



Principles of Pharmacokinetics



Physicochemical and Structural Properties Regulating Placental Drug Transfer



Pharmacogenetics



Drug Distribution in Fetal Life



Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding


Section IV - Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth


Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction



Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth



Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant



Physiology of Lactation


Section V - Perinatal Iron, Mineral, and Vitamin Metabolism


Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism



Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis



Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate



Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate



Vitamin E Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn Infant



Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate


Section VI - Lipid Metabolism


Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites



Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function



Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Full-Term Neonate



Ketone Body Production and Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate



Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Developing Retina and Brain


Section VII - Carbohydrate Metabolism


Metabolism of Glucose and Methods of Investigation in the Fetus and Newborn



Carbohydrate Metabolism During Pregnancy



Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus



Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period



Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development


Section VIII - Protein Metabolism


General Concepts of Protein Metabolism



Fetal Requirements and Placental Transfer of Nitrogenous Compounds


Section IX - Thermoregulation


Temperature Control in Newborn Infants



Responses of the Fetus and Neonate to Hypothermia


Section X - Skin


Structure and Development of Skin and Cutaneous Appendages



Physiologic Development of the Skin


Section XI - Fetal and Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology


Cardiovascular Development



Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate



Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature



Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn



Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate



Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure During Fetal and Newborn Life



Developmental Effects on Fetal Circulation



Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus



Umbilical Circulation



Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor



Physiology of Resuscitation


Section XII - The Lung


Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung



Regulation of Alveolarization



Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth



Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis



Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung



Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development



Regulation of Lower Airway Function



Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles



Mechanics of Breathing



Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung



Oxygen Transport and Delivery



Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate



Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Response to Hypoxia



Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate



Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury



Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Premature Lung



Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury



Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation


Section XIII - Surfactant


Historical Perspective



Composition of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins



Structure And Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells



Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion



Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome



Surfactant Treatment



Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies


Section XIV - Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract in the Fetus and Neonate


Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development



Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract



Development of the Enteric Nervous System



Development of Gastric Secretory Function



Development of Gastrointestinal Motility



Development of the Exocrine Pancreas



Digestive-Absorption Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children



Development of the Intestinal Microbiome


Section XV - Liver and Bilirubin Metabolism


Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver



Bile Acid Metabolism During Development



Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism



Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia



Mechanisms of Action of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia


Section XVI - The Kidney


Embryogenesis and Anatomic Development of the Kidney



Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero



Development and Regulation of Renal Blood flow in the Neonate



Development of the Renin-Angiotensin System



Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates



Renal Transport of Sodium During Early Development



Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate



Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis



Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate



Developmental Aspects of Organic Acid Transport



Concentration and Dilution of the Urine



Development of Acidification Mechanisms in the Fetus and Neonate



Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development


Section XVII - Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism


Fluid Distribution in the Fetus and Neonate



Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate


Section XVIII - Developmental Hematopoiesis


Developmental Biology of Stem Cells: From the Embryo to the Adult



Developmental Granulocytopoiesis



Developmental Erythropoiesis



Developmental Megakaryocytopoiesis


Section XIX - Hemostasis


Developmental Hemostasis



Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions


Section XX - Developmental Immunobiology


Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria



Host-Fungi Interactions Relevant to the Newborn Infant



Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses



T-Cell Development



B-Cell Development



Mononuclear Phagocyte System



Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn



The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn



Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate



Immunology of Human Milk and Host Immunity



Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense


Section XXI - Neurology


Development of the Nervous System



Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier



Trophic Factor and Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development



Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate



Cerebellar Development - an Impact of Preterm Birth and Co-Morbidities



Electroencephalography in the Premature and Full-Term Infant



Developmental Aspects of Pain


Section XXII - Special Sensory Systems in the Fetus and Neonate


Early Development of the Human Auditory System



Development of Taste and Smell in the Neonate


Section XXIII - Orthopedics


The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function



Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle


Section XXIV - Endocrine Function


Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center



Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth



Growth Hormone in the Fetus and Newborn



Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn



Development of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Corticotropin System in the Mammalian Fetus



Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology



Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology


Section XXV - Ovary and Testis


Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation



Differentiation of the Ovary



Testicular Development and Descent


Section XXVI - Pathophysiology of Neonatal Diseases


Pathophysiology of Neonatal sepsis



Pathophysiology of Hypoglycemia in the Neonate



Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies



Pathophysiology of Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn



Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate



Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity



Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome



Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome



Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia



Pathophysiology of Ventilator Dependent Infants



Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux



Pathophysiology of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis



Pathophysiology of Kernicterus



Pathophysiology of neonatal acute kidney injury



Pathophysiology of Edema



Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity



Pathophysiology of Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury



Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury



Pathophysiology of Meningitis



Pathophysiology of Neural Tube Defects



Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia



Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth



Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis