The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations - Cardiovascular System: Volume 8 2e (Netter Green Book Collection)

View the cardiovascular system as only Netter images can depict it. Part of the masterwork known as The Netter
Collection of Medical Illustrations (the CIBA "Green Books"), it provides a highly visual guide to the heart, from
basic science, anatomy, and physiology to pathology and injury. This reference has been updated to mirror the many
exciting advances in cardiovascular medicine and imaging, offering classic Netter illustrations, as well as new
illustrations created by artist-physician Carlos Machado, MD and others working in the Netter style.

Key Features
뷛ain a rich clinical view of all aspects of the cardiovascular system in one comprehensive volume, conveyed through
beautiful illustrations and radiologic images.
뷖learly see the connection between basic science and clinical practice with an integrated overview of normal structure
and function as it relates to pathologic conditions.
뷛rasp current clinical concepts regarding development, pediatrics, and adult medicine captured in classic Netter
illustrations, as well as new illustrations created by artist-physician Carlos Machado, MD, and others working in the
Netter style.
뷦uickly understand complex topics thanks to a concise text-atlas format that provides a context bridge between primary
and specialized medicine.
뷓enefit from matchless Netter illustrations that offer precision, clarity, detail and realism as they provide a visual
approach to the clinical presentation and care of the patient.

Author Information
By C. Richard Conti, M.D. MACC, FESC, FAHA, C. Richard Conti M.D. MACC, FESC, FAHA Emeritus Professor of Medicine
University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida


Section 1 - Anatomy


Thorax: Lungs In Situ: Anterior View



Thorax: Heart In Situ



Thorax: Mediastinum: Cross Section



Thorax: Pericardial Sac



Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure



Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces



Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle



Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle



Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles and Interventricular Septum



Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed



Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart



Specialized Conduction System of Heart



Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces



Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations



Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart



Innervation of Heart: Schema of Innervation


Section 2 - Physiology


Cardiovascular Examination: Events in the Cardiac Cycle: Left Ventricle



Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components of Cardiac Examination



Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation



Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation



Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs



Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function



Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy



Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access



Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization



Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (O2) and Pressure



Cardiac Catheterizations: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases



Cardiac Catheterizations: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration



Specialized Conduction System: Physiology of Specialized Conduction System



Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart



Electrocardiogram



Electrocardiographic Leads and Reference Lines



Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: Progression of Depolarization



Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: End of Depolarization Followed by
Repolarization



Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram



Atrial Enlargement



Ventricular Hypertrophy



Bundle Branch Block



Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome



Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias



Premature Contraction



Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block



Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter



Effect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiograms



Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular


Section 3 - Imaging


Radiology: Frontal Projection



Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection



Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection



Radiology: Lateral Projection



Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures



Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures



Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures



Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures



Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views



Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views



Intravascular Ultrasound



Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound



Doppler Echocardiography



Transesophageal Echocardiography



Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography



Myocardial Perfusion Imaging



Ventriculography



Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies



Computed Topographic Angiography: Interpretation



Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging



Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)


Section 4 - Embryology


Early Embryonic Development



Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis



Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages



Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages



Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages



Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage



Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves



Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days



Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days



Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days



Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives



Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation



Formation of the Cardiac: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides



Development of Major Blood Vessels: 3, 4, and 10mm



Development of Major Blood Vessels: 14mm, 17mm, and at Term



Development of Major Blood Vessels: 4, 10, and 14mm



Development of Major Blood Vessels: 7mm, 24mm, and at Term



Fetal Circulation Pattern and Changes at Birth



Three Early Vascular Systems


Section 5 - Congenital Heart Disease


Physical Examination: Diagnostic Clues to Congenital Heart Disease



Cardiac Vein Anomalies



Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection



Surgery for Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return



Anomalies of the Atria



Defects of the Atrial Septum: Anatomy



Defects of the Atrial Septum: Surgery



Defects of the Atrial Septum: Septal Occluder Device



Endocardial Cushion Defects: Anatomy and Embryology



Endocardial Cushion Defects: Surgery for Ostium Primum and Cleft Mitral Valve



Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Atresia



Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Glenn Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia



Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Ebstein's Anomaly



Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Types of Ebstein's Anomaly



Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum



Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum (Continued)



Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Tetralogy of Fallot



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pathophysiology and Blalock-Taussig Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Corrective Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Eisenmenger Complex and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle



Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia



Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Aortic Atresia, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Aortic Vavular Stenosis



Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Fibrous and Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenoses



Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Norwood Correction of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome



Transposition of the Great Vessels



Transposition of the Great Vessels: Mustard and Blalock-Hanlon Operations



Transposition of the Great Vessels: Balloon Atrial Septostomy and Arterial Repair of Transpoistion of the Great Arteries



Transposition of the Great Vessels With Inversion of the Ventricles



Anomalies of the Truncus Septum



Anomalous Left Coronary Artery and Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva



Anomalous Coronary Arteries Seen in Adult Patients



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Patent Ductus Arteriosus



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Double Aortic Arch and Right Aortic Arch Anomalies



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Artery



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates



Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Coarctation of Aorta



Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Glycogen Storage Disease


Section 6 - Acquired Heart Disease

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE


Structure of Coronary Arteries



Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis



Risk Factors in Etiology of Atherosclerosis



Pathologic Changes in Coronary Artery Disease



End-Organ Damage by Vascular Disease



Unstable Plaque Formation



Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis

CHRONIC ANGINA


Overview of Myocardial Ischemia



Angina Pectoris



Detection of Myocardial Ischemia



Degree of Flow-Limiting Stenoses



Left-Sided Heart Angiography



Fractional Flow Reserve



Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Stent Deployment



Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Rotational Atherectomy and Distal Protection Device

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES


Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes



Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart



Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)



Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)



Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)



Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: First Day to Several Weeks



Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury and Infarction on ECG



Recanalization of Occluded Coronary Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction



Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE


Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Infection, Disease Course, and Heart Muscle



Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Noncardiac Manifestations



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Pericarditis and Myocarditis



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Valvular Involvement



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Residual Changes of Acute Rheumatic Carditis



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathologic Anatomy



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Anatomic Effects



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Pulmonary Effects



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Principal Sites of Embolism from Left Artial
Thrombosis



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty



Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects



Mitral Valve Clip



Mitral Valve Repair



Mitral Valve Prolapse

AORTIC AND VASCULAR DISEASE


Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes



Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes (Continued)



Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology



Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology (Continued)



Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement



Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta



Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta: Surgical Management



Syphilitic Aortic Disease

PROSTHETIC VALVE SURGERY


First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves



Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves



Mitral Valve Replacement



Aortic Valve Replacement



Excision of Aortic Aneurysm and Replacement of Aortic Valve for Cystic Medial Necrosis



Multiple Valve Replacement



Insertion of Trileaflet Aortic Valve



Aortic Valve Biologic Grafts

TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE


Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation and Multivalvular Disease
Tricuspid Stenosis and/or Insufficiency

MYOCARDITIS, AMYLOID, AND OTHER CARDIOMYOPATHIES


Amyloidosis



Septic Myocarditis



Diphtheritic and Viral Myocarditis



Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma



Idiopathic Myocarditis



Endomyocardial Fibrosis



L?fler's Endocarditis



Becker's Disease



Beriberi



Cardiomyopathies



Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Heart



Substance Abuse and the Heart

PERICARDIAL DISEASE


Presentation and Treatment of Pericarditis



Etiologies of Pericarditis



Constrictive Pericarditis

ACUTE AND CHRONIC COR PULMONALE AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM


Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Massive Embolization



Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction



Lesions That May Cause Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cor Pulmonale



Chronic Cor Pulmonale



Deep Vein Thrombosis

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS


Infective Endocarditis: Portals of Entry and Predisposing Lesion



Early Lesions of Infective Endocarditis



Advanced Lesions of Infective Endocarditis



Right-Side Heart Involvement in Infective Endocarditis



Cardiac Sequelae of Infective Endocarditis



Mycotic Aneurysms and Emboli in the Heart



Remote Embolic Effects of Infective Endocarditis



Nonbacterial Thrombotic (Marantic) Endocarditis

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND HYPOTHERMIA THERAPY


External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation



Internal Cardiac Massage



Defibrillation

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE


Rheumatoid Arthritis



Ankylosing Spondylitis



Polymyositis and Dermatomyocytis



Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)



Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND CARDIAC DISEASE


Acromegaly



Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis



Hypothyroidism: Myxedema



Cushing's Syndrome



Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Hypertension



Pheochromocytoma

HEART TUMORS


Myxoma and Rhabdomyoma



Metastatic Tumors of the Heart

HYPERTENSION


Hypertension Regulation: Interdependent and Interacting Factors in Blood Pressure Regulation



Etiology of Hypertension



Hypertension Regulation: Renin-Angiotensin System



Hypertension Regulation: Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension



Causes of Secondary Hypertension Possibly Amenable to Surgery



Retinal Changes in Hypertension



Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery



Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery (Continued)



Kidneys and Hypertension



Heart Disease in Hypertension



Heart Disease in Hypertension (Continued)



Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure Disease



Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension

NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS


Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy



Myotonic Dystrophy



Friedreich's Ataxia



Disorders of Potassium Metabolism

PENETRATING AND NONPENETRATING HEART TRAUMA


Cardiac Tamponade in Penetrating Heart Wounds



Relative Distribution of Penetrating Heart Wounds



Variable Course of Penetrating Heart Wounds



Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy



Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy (Continued)



Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Pathogeneis and Variable Course of Cardiac Contusion



Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Myocardial Rupture and Valvular Injuries



Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Commotio Cordis

PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION PROCEDURES


Percutaneous Approaches to Reduce Cerebral Emboli



Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Device



Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease

HEART FAILURE


Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure and Systemic Congestion: Physical Examination



Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Congestion



Pulmonary Congestion or Edema of Cardiac and Other Origins



Causes and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema



Cardiac Origins of Peripheral or Systemic Congestion or Edema



Therapy for Pulmonary Edema and Paroxysmal Dyspnea



Biventricular Pacing and Intracardiac Defibrillator: Benefit of Biventricular Pacing



Biventricular Pacing and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator



Diastolic Heart Failure



Heart Transplantation: Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation



Heart Transplantation: Bicaval Cardiac Transplantation



Heart Transplantation: HeartMate XVE and II Left Ventricular Assist Systems

SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES


Sudden Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

SYNCOPE


Management of Syncope

PARASITIC DISEASE AND THE HEART


Trichinosis



Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis)



Amebic Pericarditis



Echinococcus Infection and Hydatid Pericarditis