Gray's Anatomy 41/e

In 1858, Drs. Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter created a book for their surgical colleagues that established an
enduring standard among anatomical texts. After more than 150 years of continuous publication, Gray’s Anatomy remains
the definitive, comprehensive reference on the subject, offering ready access to the information you need to ensure
safe, effective practice.


This 41st edition has been meticulously revised and updated throughout, reflecting the very latest understanding of
clinical anatomy from field leaders around the world. The book’s traditional lavish art programme and clear text have
been further honed and enhanced, while major advances in imaging techniques and the new insights they bring are fully
captured in new state-of-the-art X-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasonic images.


The completely reconfigured accompanying eBook version is richly enhanced with additional content and media, covering
all the body regions, cell biology and embryogenesis. This unlocks a whole new level of related information,
interactivity and understanding, in keeping with the spirit of innovation that has characterized Gray’s Anatomy since
its inception.



New to This Edition
Each chapter has been edited by experts in their field, ensuring access to the very latest evidence-based information
on that topic.
More than 1,000 completely new photographs, including an extensive electronic collection of the latest X-ray, CT, MR,
and histological images.
The downloadable Expert Consult eBook version included with your purchase allows you to search all of the text,
figures, references and videos from the book on a variety of devices.
Carefully selected electronic enhancements include additional text, tables, illustrations, labelled imaging and videos -
as well as 24 specially invited ‘Commentaries’ on new and emerging topics related to anatomy.


Key Features
Presents the most detailed and dependable coverage of anatomy available anywhere.
Regional organization collects all relevant material on each body area together in one place, making access to core
information easier for clinical readers.
Anatomical information is matched with key clinical information where relevant.
Numerous clinical discussions emphasize considerations that may affect medical care.



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Gray's Anatomy

41th Edition The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice

By Susan Standring, PhD, DSc, Emeritus Professor of Anatomy, Head of Anatomy and Human Sciences, King's College London,
London, UK


Contributors and reviewers

Acknowledgements

Bibliography of selected titles

An historical introduction to Gray's Anatomy Ruth Richardson

Anatomical nomenclature

Section 1 ? CELLS, TISSUES AND SYSTEMS

Section Editor: Caroline Wigley

With specialist contributions by Michael A Adams (chapter 5), Sue M Black (5), Patricia Dolan (5), William C Earnshaw
(1), Paul A Felts (3), Andrew JT George (4), Jonathan C Kentish (6), W Niall A Kirkpatrick (7), Mary-Clare C Miller
(7), Jagdeep Nanchahal (7), Terence A Partridge (5), Jeremy PT Ward (6)

Reviewers: Robert F Brooks (chapter 2), E Birgitte Lane (7), Roger J Morris (1)

New images supplied by Peter A Helliwell (chapters 2?7), Joe Mathew (2?7) Bart Wagner (1?7)
1 Basic structure and function of cells
2 Integrating cells into tissues
3 Nervous system
4 Blood, lymphoid tissues and haemopoiesis
5 Functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
6 Smooth muscle and the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
7 Skin and its appendages

Section 2 ? EMBRYOGENESIS

Section Editor: Patricia Collins

With specialist contributions by Peter R Braude (chapters 8, 11), Eric Jauniaux (9)

8 Preimplantation development
9 Implantation and placentation
10 Cell populations at gastrulation
11 Embryonic induction and cell division
12 Cell populations at the start of organogenesis
13 Early embryonic circulation
14 Pre- and postnatal development

Section 3 ? NEUROANATOMY

Section Editor: Alan R Crossman

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

With specialist contributions by Anthony Graham (chapter 24), Paul D Griffiths (17), Alan Jackson (16), Andres Lozano
(21), Zoltan Molnár (24), David Neary (18?20, 23), Ronan O?Rahilly (24)
Reviewers: Tipu Aziz (chapter 22), Roy Weller (16)

15 Overview of the nervous system
16 Ventricular system and subarachnoid space
17 Vascular supply of the brain
18 Spinal cord: internal organization
19 Brain stem
20 Cerebellum
21 Diencephalon
22 Basal ganglia
23 Cerebral hemisphere
24 Development of the nervous system

Section 4 ? HEAD AND NECK

Section Editor: Susan Standring

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

Microstructure Editor: Caroline Wigley

With specialist contributions by Sue M Black (chapter 26), Ronald H Douglas (39, 40), Justin A Durham (30), David
Furness (37), Michael Gleeson (36), Carole M Hackney (37), Bruce Jafek (32), Aadil A Khann (28), John G Lawrenson (39,
40), Stephen McHanwell (33, 34), Michael Monteiro (25, 28, 29), Gillian M Morriss-Kay (35), Ronan O?Rahilly (35),
Hannes Petersen (38), Donald J Reid (30), Patricia Reynolds (31), Paul D Robinson (31), Jane Sowden (41), Ming Zhang
(28), and including a number of figures based on an extensive ophthalmological collection by the late Gordon Ruskell
(39,40)
Reviewers: Mike Gleeson (chapters 27, 37, 38), Nick Jones (32), Jaideep Pandit (28)

25 Head and neck: overview and surface anatomy

Head and neck

26 External skull
27 Intracranial region
28 Neck
29 Face and scalp

Upper aerodigestive tract

30 Oral cavity
31 Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae and temporomandibular joint
32 Nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
33 Pharynx
34 Larynx
35 Development of the head and neck

Special senses

36 External and middle ear
37 Inner ear
38 Development of the ear
39 The orbit and accessory visual apparatus
40 The eye
41 Development of the eye

Section 5 ? THE BACK

Section Editor: Richard LM Newell

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

With specialist contributions by Nikolai Bogduk (chapters 42, 43), Bodo EA Christ (44)

42 The back
43 Spinal cord and spinal nerves: gross anatomy
44 Development of the back

Section 6 ? PECTORAL GIRDLE AND UPPER LIMB

Section Editor: David Johnson

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

With specialist contributions by David M Evans (chapter 50), Cheryll Tickle (51, 52), Graham Tytherleigh-Strong (46?49)

45 Pectoral girdle and upper limb: overview and surface anatomy
46 Pectoral girdle, shoulder region and axilla
47 Upper arm
48 Elbow
49 Forearm
50 Wrist and hand
51 Development of the limbs
52 Development of the pectoral girdle and upper limb

Section 7 ? THORAX

Section Editor: Michael Gatzoulis

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

Microstructure Editor: Caroline Wigley (see QUERIES below)?

With specialist contributions by Andrew Bush (chapter 59), Robert Anderson (59), Gerald PH Gui (54), Antoon FM Moorman
(59), Simon Padley (55?57), Pallav L Shah (55, 57, 58), Jonathan Spratt (55),
Reviewers John Granton (chapter 57), Peter Goldstraw (55, 57), Siew Yen Ho (59), Mark Johnson (54), Andrew G Nicholson
(59), Koichiro Niwa (56), John Pepper (56), Michael I Polkey (58), Darryl Shore (56), Eleftherios Tsiridis (54), Anselm
Uebing (53), Hideki Uemura (53), Gary D Webb (56)

53 Thorax: overview and surface anatomy
54 Chest wall and breast

Heart and mediastinum

55 Mediastinum
56 Heart and great vessels

Lungs and diaphragm

57 Pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi
58 Diaphragm and phrenic nerve
59 Development of the thorax

Section 8 ? ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Section Editors: Neil R Borley (chapters 60?73)
Jeremiah C Healy (chapters 74?78)

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

Microstructure Editor: Caroline Wigley
With specialist contributions by Jonathan L Brown (65, 66, 67), Declan JP Cahill (chapter 75), Aashish Chandra (74,
75), Alfred Cutner (77), Catriona Davies (74?77), Alex Freeman (76), Jonathan M Glass (74), David JA Goldsmith (74),
John Hutson (78), Sukhbinder Minhas (76), Louise A Moore (62, 65?67, 70, 72), Timothy AJ Mould (77), Pranav P Pandya
(77), Raj Prasad (68)
Reviewers: Giles Toogood (chapter 68)

60 Abdomen and pelvis: overview and surface anatomy
61 Anterior abdominal wall
62 Posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneum
63 True pelvis, pelvic floor and perineum
64 Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity

Gastrointestinal tract

65 Abdominal oesophagus and stomach
66 Small intestine
67 Large intestine

Abdominal viscera

68 Liver
69 Gallbladder and biliary tree
70 Pancreas
71 Spleen
72 Suprarenal (adrenal) gland

Development of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae

73 Development of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae

Urogenital system

74 Kidney and ureter
75 Bladder, prostate and urethra
76 Male reproductive system
77 Female reproductive system
78 Development of the urogenital system

Section 9 ? PELVIC GIRDLE AND LOWER LIMB

Section Editor: Vishy Mahadevan

Embryology, Growth and Development Editor: Patricia Collins

With specialist contributions by Andrew Amis (chapters 81, 82), Anthony Bull (81, 82), Chinmay M Gupte (81, 82) Niri S
Niranjan (79, 80, 83, 84)
Reviewers: Andrew Amis (chapter 84), Anthony Bull (84), Chinmay M Gupte (84), Cheryll Tickle (85)

79 Pelvis girdle and lower limb: overview and surface anatomy
80 Pelvic girdle, gluteal region and thigh
81 Hip
82 Knee
83 Leg
84 Ankle and foot
85 Development of the pelvic girdle and lower limb

Index