암은 대사질환이다(암을 보는 새로운 시각)

목찰

Forword ···························xiii
Preface ·····························xv
인사말
역자서문
1. Images of Cancer ·······································1
암을 어떻게 볼 것인가 ········2
References ···················12
2. 암의기원을둘러싼혼란 ·······················15
종양 발생의 역설··············18
암의 특징 ·······················18
재평가···························27
References ····················28
3. Cancer Models ···································33
일부 암 모형의 문제점·······33
동물 사육 비용은 암 연구의 주요 장애물 이다······································
···················39
조직학적 종양 분류법의 문제점 들············································
···························41
악성종양에 대한 개인적인 관점 ·············································
·····························47
References ····················48
4. 정상세포와암세포의에너지론 ·············51
대사 항상성 ····················52
ΔG'ATP의 불변성············58
정상세포와 암세포의 ATP 생산 ·············································
·····························60
포도당 발효를 통한 에너지 생산 ············································
·····························62
젖산 합성의 유무와 글루타민 분해 ···········································
···························66
아미노기 전이반응 ···········70
TCA 회로의 기질 수준 인산화 ··············································
······························71
콜레스테롤 합성과 저산소증 ··············································
································73
Summary·······················74
References ····················74

5. Respiratory Dysfunction in Cancer Cells ······································
··································· 79
정상 미토콘드리아 ···········80
종양세포 미토콘드리아의 형태 이상 ···········································
·························83
종양세포 미토콘드리아의 단백질체 이상 ·········································
·····················85
종양세포 미토콘드리아의 지질체 이상 ··········································
·······················88
Cardiolipin: 미토콘드리아-특이지질 ··········································
··························90
카디오리핀과 종양세포 내의 비정상적 에너지 대사 ····································
·············93
CL 구성과 에너지 대사에 미치는 체외 성장 환경의 복잡한 영향······························
··100
미토콘드리아 짝풀림과 암 ···············································
································105
암 세포의 열 생산과 미토콘드리아 짝풀림 ········································
···················106
개인적 시각 ··················108
요약 ····························108
References ···················109
6. Warburg 논쟁 ········································115
Warburg 이론에 대한 Sidney Weinhouse의 비평들·····································
··········116
Warburg 이론에 대한 Alan Aisenberg의 비평들 ······································
·············119
Aisenberg 논문에 대한 Sidney Colowick의 평가 ·····································
·············123
비교가 되지 않는 것을 비교한다.············································
····························124
References ···················126
7. 암세포의호흡은정상일까? ·················129
거짓-호흡(Pseudo-Respiration) ·············································
···························129
암세포가 산화인산화를 통해 에너지를 생성한다는 근거를 얼마나 믿을 수 있을까?········135
암세포에서 산화인산화를 통한 ATP 생산에 대한 재평가 ··································
······135
다른 종양들에서 산화인산화의 발현은 어떠한가?·····································
··············138
암세포의 미토콘드리아와 생물에너지학에 대한 Pederson 고찰 ·······························
139
References ···················141
8. 암의대사이론에빠진것은 미토콘드리아의글루타민발효? ·································
····································145
저산소 상태의 세포는 아미노산 발효를 통해 에너지 항상성을 유지한다 ·····················145
쥐의 전이암 세포는 글루타민 발효를 통해 에너지를 얻는다································
·····146
저산소 상태에서 발효 에너지를 통해 암세포는 생존을 유지한다 ······························
151
대사적 발암이론에 대한 설명들 ·············································
···························154
요약 ····························156
References ···················156

9. 유전자, 호흡작용, 바이러스, 그리고암 159
암의 기원은 유전자인가?··159
호흡부전이 암을 유발한다 ···············································
································165
생식세포 돌연변이, 호흡손상, 그리고 암 ········································
·····················170
체세포 돌연변이와 암 ·····174
종양유전자 이론 재탐색 ··176
미토콘드리아 돌연변이와 암의 유무 ···········································
·······················180
바이러스 감염, 손상된 호흡 그리고 암의 기원 ······································
················183
요약 ····························186
References ···················187
10. 호흡부전, 역행반응과암의기원 ········195
역행반응: 핵유전체 안정성을 책임지는 후성유전적 시스템 ································
·····195
염증은 세포호흡을 손상시킨다 ·············································
····························200
암발생에서 저산소유도인자(HIF)의 역할 ·········································
···················201
미토콘드리아와 변이 표현형 ··············································
······························202
칼슘 항상성, 이수배수체, 그리고 미토콘드리아 기능부전 ·································
······205
미토콘드리아 기능부전과 이형접합성 상실 ········································
··················207
조직 염증 및 호흡손상과 암 ··············································
·······························208
References ···················209
11. 미토콘드리아: 궁극적인종양억제인자·········································
···································· 217
미토콘드리아에 의한 종양발생의 억제 ··········································
······················217
세포질잡종에서 정상적인 미토콘드리아가 종양 발생을 억제한다 ·····························
218
rho0 세포로부터의 증거 ··221
정상 미토콘드리아는 생체 내에서 종양의 발생을 억제한다. ································
····222
정상적인 쥐의 세포질은 종양형성 표현형을 억제한다. ··································
·········224
간의 미세환경에서 분화의 촉진와 종양형성의 억제 ····································
···········225
핵-세포질 전이 실험의 요약 ··············································
·······························226
References ···················228
12. 미토콘드리아기능장애와연관된성장조절, 끝분절효소의활성, 세포자멸사,
그리고혈관신생에서의이상들············· 231
성장 신호전달 이상과 무한한 복제능력··········································
······················232
끝분절효소의 활성과 세포 에너지 및 암과의 연관성 ···································
···········233
세포예정사(세포자멸사)의 회피·············································
····························235
References ···················236

13. 전이(Metastasis) ·····························239
전이 개요 ·····················239
전이 세포 기원··············241
대식세포와 전이 ············245
원발부위 불명암 ············258
많은 전이암들은 대식세포의 다양한 특징을 나타낸다 ···································
·········259
전이와 미토콘드리아 기능장애와의 연관성 ········································
··················259
“씨앗과 토양” 전이 가설 다시보기 ··········································
···························261
간엽상피이행 다시보기 ···262
암 전이에서 유전자 이질성 ···············································
·······························264
전염성 전이암 ···············266
식물 근두암종(뿌리혹병)에서는 전이현상이 없다 ·····································
············267
단원 요약······················267
References ···················268
14. 미토콘드리아호흡부전과암의염색체외적기원 ·····································
·························291
암 위험요인들과 연결·····282
발암의 역설··················283
암은 여러 질환일까? 아니면 에너지 대사라는 단일 질환일까? ·······························
···286
References ···················287
15. 진화의개념을통하지않고서는암생물학은의미가없다 ··································
···············289
암세포의 성장 이점, 돌연변이, 진화에 대한 재조명 ···································
············290
Rick Potts의 진화 이론의 관점에서 본 종양세포 적합성 ·································
·········298
암의 발달과 Lamarck 유전 ···············································
································300
목적론으로 암을 설명할 수 있을까?···········································
··························301
References····················302
16. 암의치료전략들 ·······························307
암 치료의 현재 상황 ·······307
아교모세포종에 대한 ‘치료 기준’···········································
····························311
References ···················317
17. 암의대사치료 ···································323
종양 성장을 감소시키는 것은 식사량일까 식품구성 일까? ·································
·····324
설취류와 인간에서 식이에너지감량(DER)과 치료적 금식 ··································
·····326

케톤형성 식이 ···············327
글루카곤과 인슐린 ·········330
기초대사율···················331
케톤과 포도당 ···············331
케톤형성식이를 이용한 뇌 암의 대사적인 관리 ······································
···············333
포도당은 종양 증식을 가속화 한다 ···········································
··························334
포도당은 혈중 인슐린과 인슐린유사성장인자(IGF-1)를 조절한다 ·····························
334
식이에너지 감량은 혈관생성을 억제한다 ·········································
····················337
식이에너지 감량은 비정상적인 종양 혈관을 표적으로 한다·································
·····341
식이에너지 감량은 세포자멸사를 유도한다 ········································
··················341
식이에너지 감량은 염증을 억제한다 ···········································
························345
진행 암에서의 에너지 대사 표적치료 ··········································
························348
에너지 스트레스에 대한 정상 세포와 암세포의 반응 ···································
···········351
DER은 아교모세포종의 침습성을 억제한다 ········································
·················352
종양성장에 대한 숙주와 성장 부위의 영향 ········································
···················354
항암 치료에서 식이에너지감량(DER)의 중요성 ······································
··············358
혈당을 표적으로 하다······359
Metformin ···················361
KD-R과 2-DG의 상승 작용 ················································
······························362
KD-R과 고압산소요법(HBO)이 상승효과를 낼 수 있을까? ··································
····366
글루타민을 표적으로 하다368
전신 전이를 억제하는 글루타민 표적치료 ········································
····················369
포식작용 표적치료··········375
미세환경 표적치료 ·········376
미토콘드리아 강화요법(MET)으로서의 식이에너지감량(DER) ································
·377
요약 ····························378
References ···················378
18. 암관리를위한대사치료를실제적용·395
Introduction ·················395
암 치료를 위한 열량제한 케톤형성식이(KD-R) 실행 지침 ·································
······396
암 치료를 위한 KD-R 도입의 복잡한 문제들 ·······································
··················408
많은 악성 종양에 대한 표준 치료법, 방사선 치료와 항암화학요법·····························
·409
순응도 ·························409
유전자 질환으로서의 암 ··410
작용기전?······················411

악액질··························411
요약·····························412
References ···················413
19. 암의예방··········································· 417
휴대전화와암·················418
알츠이머병과암의위험성··420
케톤대사는암의위험을감소시킨다.············································
·························420
미토콘드리아강화치료·····421
치료적단식과암의예방·····422
자가포식및자기분해동종포식: 암예방을위한열역학적접근··································
·····424
열량제한 케톤형성식이(KD-R)를 통한 암의예방······································
··············425
References····················384
20. 케톤형성식이(KD)를암치료에사용한증례들····················431
케톤형성식이가 소아 종양환자의 암 대사와 영양상태에 미치는영향: ························431
Linda Nebeling 박사의논평
Raffi의이야기: Miriam Kalamina의 논평·········································
·····················433
암이 포도당과 글루타민에 의존하여 성장하는 대사성 질환의 일종 이라는것에 대한······440
생물학적 타당성
뇌암치료에 열량제한 케톤형성 식이(KD-R)의 적용:····································
···········442
신경종양 학자인 DR. KRAIG MOORE의 서평
뇌암 치료를 위한 케톤형성 식이: BETH ZUPEC-KANIA의 논평 ·······························
446
요약·····························448
References ···················449
21. 결론················449
주요 결론들 ··················453
References ···················454
Abbreviation 455
Index 457