Hurst's the Heart 13/e

The trusted landmark cardiology resource뾲horoughly updated to reflect the latest clinical perspectives



Includes DVD with image bank



Through thirteen editions, Hurst뭩 the Heart has always represented the cornerstone of current scholarship in the
discipline. Cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and internists from across the globe have relied on its unmatched
authority, breadth of coverage, and clinical relevance to help optimize patient outcomes. The thirteenth edition of
Hurst뭩 the Heart continues this standard-setting tradition with 19 new chapters and 59 new authors, each of whom are
internationally recognized as experts in their respective content areas.



Featuring an enhanced, reader-friendly design, the new edition covers need-to-know clinical advances, as well as issues
that are becoming increasingly vital to cardiologists worldwide. As in previous editions, you will find the most
complete overview of cardiology topics available뾭lus a timely new focus on evidence-based medicine, health outcomes,
and health quality.



New Features




1548 full-color illustrations and 578 tables

Companion DVD with image bank includes key figures and tables from the text

The Cardiovascular Disease: Past, Present, and Future section includes a new chapter on assessing and improving quality
of care in cardiovascular medicine

The section on the scientific foundations of cardiovascular medicine has been thoroughly revised

2 new chapters in the section on the evaluation of the patient detail the process of effective diagnostic decision
making based on technology, clinical trials, and practice guidelines

A new chapter in the section on heart failure details cardiac transplantation

The sections on primary heart disease include new chapters on topics such as preventive strategies for coronary artery
disease and updated pharmacologic strategies for acute coronary syndromes

The section on cardiopulmonary disease features new chapters on chronic cor pulmonale and sleep disorder breathing and
its relationship to cardiovascular disease

The section on valvular heart disease has four of the six chapter completely rewritten by new authors who are
authorities in the field

The final six sections feature new chapters on the environment and heart disease, surgical treatment of carotid and
peripheral vascular disease and cost effective strategies in cardiology





Contributors

Acknowledgments

Preface

PART 1: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

1. A History of the Heart, Cardiac Diseases, and the Development of Cardiovascular
Medicine as a Specialty, Robert A. Harrington, Mark E. Silverman, and Charles F.
Wooley

2. The Burden of Increasing Worldwide Cardiovascular Disease, Justin P. Zachariah,
Ramachandran S. Vasan, and Ralph B. D'Agostino

3. Assessing and Improving the Quality of Care in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lakshmi
Venkitachalam, Amit P. Amin, and John A. Spertus

Part 2: FOUNDATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE

4. Functional Anatomy of the Heart, Joseph F. Malouf, William D. Edwards, A. Jamil Tajik,
and James B. Seward
5. Normal Physiology of the Cardiovascular System, Brian D. Holt and Richard A. Walsh

6. Principles of Molecular Cardiology, Mukesh K. Jain, Aaron Proweller, and Richard A.
Walsh

7. Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Normal, Hypertrophied, and Failing Heart,
Saptarsi M. Haldar and Richard A. Walsh

8. Biology of the Vessel Wall, Kathy K. Griendling, David G. Harrison, and R. Wayne
Alexander

9. Molecular Development of the Heart, Bradley B. Keller, James B. Hoyling, and Roger
K. Markwald
10. Genetic Basis for Cardiovascular Disease, Robert Roberts and Elizabeth McNally

11. Tissue Regeneration of the Cardiovascular System and Stem Cells, Arjun Deb,
Helmut Drexler, Mirotsou Maria, and Victor Dzau

PART 3: EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT

12. Diagnostic Decision Making Using Modern Technology, Steve L. Liao and Mario J.
Garcia

13. Therapeutic Decision Making Based Upon Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice
Guidelines, Ira S. Nash, Michael E. Farkouh, and Valentin Fuster

14. The History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation, Richard A. Walsh,
Robert A. O'Rourke, and James A. Shaver

15. Surface Electrocardiography, Antoni Bay?-de-Luna, Diego Goldwasser, Miquel
Fiol, and Antoni Bay?-Genis

16. ECG Exercise Testing, Michael J. Lipinski and Victor F. Froelicher

17. Cardiac Radiography, Robert A. O'Rourke

18. Echocardiography, Anthony N. DeMaria and Daniel G. Blanchard

19. Cardiac Catherization, Cardiac Angiography, and Coronary Blood Flow and
Pressure Measurements, Morton J. Kern and Spencer B. King III

20. Coronary Intravascular Imaging, Marco A. Costa, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, and
Patrick W. Serruys

21. Nuclear Cardiology, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch,
Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano

22. Computed Tomography of the Heart, Melissa A. Daubert, Michael Poon, and
Matthew J. Budoff

23. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart, Han W. Kim, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Igor
Klem, Wolfgang Rehwald, and Raymond J. Kim

24. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography of the Vascular System,
Fabien Hyafil, Jean-Christophe Cornily, James H.F. Rudd, Valentin Fuster, and Zahi
A. Fayad

25. Positron Emission Tomography for the Noninvasive Study and Quantitation of
Myocardial Blood Flow and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Heinrich R.
Schelbert

PART 4: HEART FAILURE

26. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure, Gary S. Francis, W.H. Wilson Tang, and Richard
A. Walsh

27. The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Heart Failure, Owais Dar and Martin R. Cowie

28. Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure, William T. Abraham and Ayesha Hasan
29. Cardiac Transplantation, Michael X. Pham, Gerald J. Berry, and Sharon A. Hunt

30. Surgical Treatment of Heart Failure and Mechanical Ventricular Support, David
Joyce, Hari R. Mallidi, and Sharon A. Hunt

PART 5: CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SPECIFIC HEART MUSCLE DISEASES

31. Classification of Cardiomyopathies, Barry J. Maron and Gaetano Thiene

32. Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Luisa Mestroni, Edward M. Gilbert, Brian D. Lowes, and
Michael R. Bristow

33. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Steve R. Ommen, Rick A. Nishimura, and A. Jamil Tajik
34. Restrictive, Obliterative, and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies, Brian D. Hoit

35. Myocarditis and Specific Cardiomyopathies, Sean P. Pinney and Donna M. Mancini

PART 6: RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION DISORDERS

36. Genetics of Channelopathies and Clinical Implications, Silva G. Priori and Carlo
Napolitano

37. Anatomy of Electrophysiology, Siew Yen Ho nad Anton E. Becker

38. Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances, Peng-Sheng
Chen and Charles Antzelevitch

39. Approach to the Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias, Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I.
Fogel

40. Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Atrial Tachycardia, Eric N. Prystowsky, Benzy J.
Padanilam, and Albert L. Waldo

41. Supraventricular Tachycardia: Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry and Wolff-Parkinson-
White Syndrome, Hugh Calkins

42. Ventricular Arrhythmias, Robert W. Rho and Richard L. Page

43. Bradyarrhythmias and Pacemakers, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman and Kenneth A.
Ellenbogen

44. Electrophysiology and Cather-Ablative Techniques, Usha B. Tedrow, Samuel J.
Asirvatham, and William G. Stevenson

45. Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Peter R. Kowey and Gan-Xin Yan

46. Indications and Techniques of Electrical Defibrillation and Cardioversion, Richard E.
Kerber
47. Arrhythmias in Children and in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease, Timothy
Knilans, Michael P. Carboni, Richard Czosek, and Ronald J. Kanter

PART 7: SYNCOPE, SUDDEN DEATH, AND CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

48. Diagnosis and Management of Syncope, Mark D. Carlson and Blair P. Grubb

49. Sudden Cardiac Death, Matthew R. Reynolds, Amit J. Thosani, Duane S. Pinto, and
Mark E. Josephson

50. Cardiopulmonary and Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, Jooby John and Gordon A. Ewy
PART 8: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

51. Preventive Strategies for Coronary Heart Disease, Michael J. Blaha, Kerunne S.
Ketlogetswe, Chiadi E. Mdumele, Ty J. Gluckman, and Roger S. Blumenthal

52. Atherothrombosis: Disease Burden, Activity, and Vulnerability, Erling Falk and
Valentin Fuster

53. Coronary Thrombosis: Local and Systemic Factors, Juan Jose Badimon, Borja
Ibanez, Valentin Fuster, and Lina Badimon

54. Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Ischemia, Christophe Depre, Stephen F.
Vatner, and Garrett J. Gross

55. Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease, Bruce F. Waller

56. Definitions of Acute Coronary Syndromes, Michael C. Kim, Annapoorna S. Kini, and
Valentin Fuster

57. Pathology of Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, Reperfusion, and Sudden Death,
Saami K. Yazdani, Elena Ladich, and Renu Virmani

58. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury,
Scott Visovatti, Takanori Hayasaki, Cyril Ruwende, and David J. Pinsky

59. Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, James A. de
Lemos, Robert A. O'Rourke, and Robert Harrington

60. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Emily E. Hass, Eric H. Yang, Bernard J.
Gersh, and Robert A. O'Rourke

61. Pharmacologic Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes, Dominick J. Angiolillo,
Gregory r. Giugliano, and Daniel I. Simon

62. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, John S. Douglas, Jr, and Spencer B. King, III

63. Mechanical Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarction, William W. O'Neill and
Pedro Martinez-Clark

64. The Evaluation and Management of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease, Bradley A.
Maron and Patrick T. O'Gara

65. Coronary Bypass Surgery, Joseph F. Sabik, III, Sameer Bansilal, and Bruce W. Lytle
66. Management of the Patient After Cardiac Surgery, Douglas C. Morris, Stephen D.
Clements, Jr., and John Pepper

67. Rehabilitation of the Patient With Coronary Heart Disease, Ian M. Graham, Noeleen
Fallon, Shirley Ingram, Tora Leong, John Gormley, Veronica O'Doherty, Vincent
Maher, and Suzanne E. Benson

PART 9: SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

68. Epidemiology of Hypertension, Gbenga Ogedegbe and Thomas G. Pickering

69. Pathophysiology of Hypertension, John E. Hall, Joey P. Granger, Daniel W. Jones,
and Michael E. Hall

70. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension, G. Brandon Atkins, Mahboob Rahman,
and Jackson T. Wright, Jr.

PART 10: CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE

71. Pulmonary Hypertension, Robyn J. Barst and Lewis J. Rubin

72. Pulmonary Embolism, Peter F. Fedullo

73. Chronic Cor Pulmonale, Marc A. Miller, Joseph M. Sweeny, E. Clinton Lawrence,
and Kenneth L. Brigham

74. Epidemiology and Mechanisms Linking Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiac
Disease, Reena Mehra and Susan Redline

PART 11: VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

75. Acute Rheumatic Fever, Bongani M. Mayosi and Jonathan R. Carapetis

76. Aortic Valve Disease, Rosario V. Freeman and Catherine M. Otto

77. Mitral Valve Regurgitation, David H. Adams, Blase A. Carabello, and Javier G. Castillo
78. Mitral Stenosis, Blase A. Carabello

79. Tricuspid Valve, Pulmonary Valve, and Multivalvular Disease, Pravin M. Shah

80. Prosthetic Heart Valves, Joanna Chikwe, Farzan Filsoufi, and Alain Carpentier

81. Antithrombotic Therapy for Valvular Heart Disease, Usman Baber and Valentin Fuster
PART 12: HEART FAILURE

82. Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Genetic Abnormalities, Ali J. Marian, Ramon
Brugada, and Robert Roberts

83. Congenital Heart Disease in Children and Adolescents, David W. Brown and David
R. Fulton

84. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults, Jamil A. Aboulhosn and John S. Child

PART 13: PERICARDIAL DISEASES AND ENDOCARDITIS

85. Pericardial Disease, Brian D. Hoit

86. Infective Endocarditis, Saptarsi M. Haldar and Patrick T. O'Gara

PART 14: ANESTHESIA, SURGERY, AND THE HEART

87. Perioperative Evaluation and Management of Patients With Known or Suspected
Cardiovascular Disease Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery, Debabrata Mukherjee
and Kim A. Eagle

88. Anesthesia and the Patient With Cardiovascular Disease, David L. Reich, Alexander
Mittnacht, and Joel A. Kaplan

PART 15: MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

89. Rhematologic Diseases and the Cardiovascular System, Mala S. Kaul, Victor F.
Tapson, and E. William St. Clair

90. The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with
Cancer, Edward T.H. Yeh, Courtney L. Bickford, and Michael S. Ewer

91. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Michael E. Farkouh, Elliott J. Rayfield, and
Valentin Fuster

92. Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diet, Scott M. Grundy and Sidney C. Smith, Jr.

93. HIV/AIDS and the Cardiovascular System, William Lewis and Peter F. Currie

94. Effect of Non Cardiac Drugs, Electricity, Poisons, and Radiation on the Heart,
andraw LSmith and Wendy M. Book
95. Adverse Cardiovascular Drug Interactions and Complications, Ileana L. Pi? and
Grard Orhlakian

96. Effects of Mood and Anxiety Disorders on the Cardiovascular System, Monica Kelly Cowles, Dominique L. Musselman,
William M. McDonald, and Charles B. Nemeroff

97. Heart Disease and Pregnancy, John H. McAnulty, Craig S. Broberg, and James Metcalfe

98. Traumatic Heart Disease, Curtis Anderson and T. Bruce Ferguson, Jr.

99. The Heart and Kidney Disease, Tahsin Masud and William H. McClellan

100. Exercise in Health and Cardiovascular Disease, Gerald F. Fletcher, Thomas R. Flipse, and Robert E. Safford

101. The Athlete and the Cardiovascular System, N.A. Mark Estes III, Mark S. Link, and Barry J. Maron

102. Aging and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, Edward G. Lakatta, Samer S. Najjar, Steven P. Schulman, and Gary
Gerstenblith

103. Women and Coronary Heart Disease, Pamela Charney

104. Race/Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease, S. Carolina Masri and Anne L. Taylor

105. Environment and Heart Disease, Philip J. Landrigan, Kimberly Morland, and Michele La Merrill

PART 16: DISEASES OF THE GREAT VESSELS AND PERIPHERAL VESSELS

106. Diseases of the Aorta, John A. Elefteriades, Jeffrey W. Olin, and Jonathan L. Halperin

107. Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurologic Manifestations of Heart Disease, Megan C. Leary and Louis R. Caplan

108. The Nonsurgical Approach to Carotid Disease, Amar Krishmaswamy, Jay Yadav, and Samir R. Kapadia

109. Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Arteries and Veins, Paul W. Wennberg and Thom W. Rooke

110. Surgical Treatment of Carotid and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Jayer Chang and Thomas F. Dodson

111. Minimally Invasive Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease, M. Fuad Jan, Suhail Allaqaband, and Tanvir Bajwa

PART 17: SOCIAL ISSUES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

112. Economics and Cost Effectiveness in Cardiology, Daniel B. Mark

113. Insurance Issues in Patients with Heart Disease, Michael B. Clark and William T.
Friedewald

114. Behavioral Cardiology Treatment Approaches to Heart Disease, Nina Rieckmann, Lynn Clemow, William Whang, and
Karina W. Davidson

115. Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapy in Cardiovascular Care, Mitchell
W. Krucoff, Rebecca Costello, Daniel Mark, and John H. K. Vogel

116. Societal and Social Issues of Heart Disease, Roberto De Vogli and Michael Marmot
Index



Biographical note


Editors:
Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, MACC, FAHA
Richard Gorlin, MD/Heart Research Foundation
Professor of Cardiology
Director, Mount Sinai Heart
Director, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular
Institute and Marie-Jos? and Henry R. KravisCenter for
Cardiovascular Health
The Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY
Richard A. Walsh, MD, FACC, FAHA
John H. Hord Professor and Chairman
Department of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
Physician-in-Chief
University Hospitals of of Cleveland
Cleveland, OH
Robert A. Harrington, MD, FACC, FAHA
Richard Sean Stack, MD Distinguished Professor
Professor of Medicine
Director, Duke Clinical Research Institute
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC
Associate Editors:
Sharon A. Hunt, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Palo Alto, CA
Spencer B. King III, MD, MACC
President
Saint Joseph's Heart and Vascular Institute
Professor of Medicine Emeritus
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, GA
Ira S. Nash, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP
Chief Medical Officer
Senior Vice President for Medical Affairs
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Professor of Health Policy and Evidence
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY
Eric N. Prystowsky, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS
Consulting Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Director, Clinical Electrophysiology Laboratory
St. Vincent Hospital
Indianapolis, IN
Robert Roberts, MD, FRCP(C), MACC, FAHA
President and CEO
University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Professor of Medicine and Director
The Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre
Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
Eric Rose, MD
Edmond A. Guggenheim Professor and Chair
Department of Health Evidence and Policy
Professor, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), Surgery,
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Associate Director for Clinical Outcomes, Mount Sinai Heart
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY