Controversies in Spine Surgery : Best Evidence Recommendations

A best evidence approach to key topics in spine surgery

Drawing on the expertise of world-renowned orthopedic and neurological spine surgeons, Controversies in Spine Surgery:
Best Evidence Recommendations compiles, summarizes, and synthesizes the most relevant scientific literature available
in the field today.

Each succinct, problem-oriented chapter addresses a different controversial issue where there is a lack of consensus
about the best possible course of action. The authors provide guidance and objective recommendations for each scenario
based on the most relevant data found in the literature to give surgeons the background they need to make fully
informed treatment decisions.

Features:


Concise outline format enables rapid reading for the busy spine surgeon

Invaluable synopses of highly practical evidence-based literature

Detailed coverage of commonly disputed issues, such as how to manage vertebral compression fractures, surgery for axial
back pain, minimally invasive lumbar fusion, the use of prophylactic antibiotics in spine surgery, and much more

Grading of Best Evidence feature in which the authors rate the viability of the data presented

Numerous summary tables throughout the text emphasize the main conclusions of published studies

Pearls highlight important points in each chapter

This cutting-edge clinical reference will help every resident, fellow, and spine surgeon in orthopaedic surgery and
neurosurgery streamline their medical decision making process and improve their patient care.


Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................
............................................................................................. xi
Contributors ...........................................................................................................
................................................................................... xiii
Section I Introduction
1 Introduction to Best Evidence
Medicine ...............................................................................................................
.............. 3
Jason C. Eck and Alexander R. Vaccaro
Section II Trauma
CERVICAL SPINE
2 Clearing Cervical Spine Injuries: MRI, Dynamic X-rays,
CT...........................................................................................11
Anthony S. Lapinsky and Mark S. Eskander
3 Type II Odontoid Fractures: Operative versus Nonoperative
Management .............................................................. 17
Andrew J. Schoenfeld and Christopher M. Bono
4 Management of Cervical Facet Fractures: Surgical Indications and
Approach .......................................................24
Davor Saravanja and Marcel F. Dvorak
5 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Role of Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ..............................................34
Sanjay Yadla and James S. Harrop
6 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Timing of
Reduction ............................................................................40
John C. France and John R. Orphanos
7 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Anterior versus Posterior
Approach ................................................48
Elizabeth M. Yu and Ahmad Nassr
THORACOLUMBAR SPINE
8 Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: Surgery versus Conservative
Care ..........................................................................59
Weishi Li, Darren R. Lebl, and Kirkham B. Wood
9 Vertebral Compression Fractures: Percutaneous Vertebral
Augmentation ........................................................... 69
Jason C. Eck
SPINAL CORD INJURY
10 Use of Steroids for Spinal Cord
Injury .................................................................................................................
.............79
Forrest D. Hsu and R. John Hurlbert
11 Role of Early Surgical Decompression for Spinal Cord
Injury ....................................................................................86
David W. Cadotte and Michael G. Fehlings
Section III Degenerative
CERVICAL SPINE
12 Cervical Myelopathy: Anterior versus Posterior
Approach ........................................................................................95
Brian W. Su and Todd J. Albert
13 Cervical Myelopathy: Timing of
Surgery ................................................................................................................
.......105
Nancy E. Epstein
14 Cervical Myelopathy: Meaning of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal
Changes ...............................................117
Ishaq Y. Syed and Howard S. An
15 Avoidance of Cervical Adjacent Segment
Disease .......................................................................................................126
Harvey E. Smith and Alan S. Hilibrand
THORACOLUMBAR SPINE
16 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Conservative Treatment versus
Surgery ....................................................133
Igor R. Yusupov, Sergey Neckrysh, and Bruce E. Fredrickson
17 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Surgical Approach, Role of Fusion, Role of Instrumentation ...............138
E. Ratcliffe Anderson III and Jeffrey S. Fischgrund
18 Adult High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Role of Reduction versus Fusion In
Situ ...................................................150
John C. Sefter and Ivan E. LaMotta
19 Surgery for Axial Back Pain: ALIF versus PLIF or
TLIF ...............................................................................................156
Ensor E. Transfeldt, Farhang Raaii, and Amir A. Mehbod
20 Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation: Repeat Diskectomy versus
Fusion ...............................................................161
Cristian Gragnaniello, Igor De Castro, and Remi Nader
21 Management of Thoracic Disk
Herniation .............................................................................................................
......173
Mark S. Eskander and Jason C. Eck
Section IV Technology
22 Rigid versus Dynamic Cervical Plates: Indications and
Efficacy .............................................................................183
Paul E. Kraemer and Rick C. Sasso
23 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Cervical Spine: Efficacy and Associated
Risks ...........................................187
Cyrus E. Taghavi and Jeffrey C. Wang
24 Role of Cervical Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a
Fusion? ............................................195
Bruce V. Darden II
25 Role of Lumbar Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a
Fusion? .............................................206
Louis G. Jenis
26 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion: Results and Complications Compared with Open Techniques .............215
Youssef R. Karam and Richard G. Fessler
27 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Posterior Ligamentous
Injury ............................................................229
Colin G. Crosby, Clinton J. Devin, Justin B. Hohl, Rick A. Davis, and Joon Y. Lee
Section V Infection
28 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Setting of Infection: Indications, Risks, and
Efficacy ..............................239
R. Todd Allen and Steven R. Garfin
29 Spine Infections: Medical versus Surgical Treatment
Options ................................................................................250
Alexander G. Hadjipavlou, Panagiotis G. Korovessis, and Kyriakos N. Kakavelakis
30 Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine
Surgery .......................................................................................................261
Brandon G. Rocque and Daniel K. Resnick
Index ..................................................................................................................
............................................................................................269