Fetal Monitoring Interpretation

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

1.Introduction to the Fetal Monitor

Role of the Electronic Fetal Monitor/Classification/Terminology/ Basic Review/National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development Guidelines/Clinical Application/ Assessing Uterine Activity/Predicting the Oxygenated
Fetus/Identifying the Oxygenated Compensated Fetus/Guiding Delivery Timing of the Fetus with Progressive Stress Despite
Intervention/ Recognizing Abnormal Patterns Present from the Outset That Are Compatible with Possible Fetal Jeopardy,
Possible Decompensation/Limitations/A Pattern Compatible with A Well-oxygenated Fetus in Labor Might Be Followed by a
Poor Infant Outcome/A Fetus with a Pattern Associated with Decompensation Might Be Healthy at Birth/Fetuses with
Remarkably Similar Fetal Monitoring Patterns Might Have Remarkably Different Outcomes
2.Basic Pattern Components

Bradycardia/Tachycardia/Variability/ Marked Variability: >25 beats per minute/Moderate Variability: 6 to 25 beats per
minute/Minimal Variability: ≤5 beats per minute/Absent Variability/Loss of Variability Associated with Sinus Node
Suppression (as Opposed to Loss of Baseline/Variability/Role of Autocorrelation/Long-versus Short-Term
Variability/Periodic and Nonperiodic Changes/Accelerations/Classic/Stimulation/Activity/Periodic Accelerations/Double-
Form Accelerations/ Lambda Pattern/Late Accelerations/Prolonged Accelerations/ Marked Accelerations/Atypical
Accelerations/No Variability in Accelerations Decelerations/Early Decelerations/Late Decelerations/Variable
Decelerations/ Prolonged Decelerations
3. Baseline Variants

Sinusoidal and Other Undulating Patterns/Sinusoidal Variants/ Nonsinusoidal Variants/Baseline Shifts and Other Rate
Aberrations/Rate Shifts/ Other Baseline Rate Aberrations
4. Pattern Transitions

Fetal Stress Dynamic Changes
Other Pattern Dynamics
5. Uterine/Maternal-Fetal Activity

Uterine Activity/Classic Contraction Waveform/Decreased Uterine Activity/Dysfunctional Uterine Activity/ Increased
Uterine Activity/Maternal/Fetal Activity/Maternal Fetal
6. Antepartum Monitoring

Role of the Fetal Monitor in Fetal Welfare Assessment/Nonstress Test/ Nonstress Test as a Component of the Biophysical
Profile/Contraction Stress Test/Other Methods of Fetal Welfare Assessment/Doppler/Fetal Movement Counting/Unique
Interpretation in the Outpatient Setting/Baseline/Periodic and Nonperiodic Changes/Contractions
7. Patterns Associated with Disease States and Other Conditions

Maternal Conditions/Preeclampsia/Eclampsia/Hypertension/Diabetes Mellitus/Respiratory Disease/Maternal Cardiovascular
Disease/ Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy/ Pharmacologic Agents/Exercise/ Temperature AberrationAnemia/Trauma/
Advanced Age/Fetal Conditions/Preterm Gestation/Anomalies/Malpresentation/ Anemia/Infection/Twins/Intrauterine Growth
Restriction/Postterm Gestation/ Support Structures/Umbilical Cord Conditions/Placental Conditions/ Amniotic Fluid
Considerations/ Uterine Conditions/Second Stage and Delivery/Forceps Effects/Maternal Pushing Effects/Head Rotation
Effects/ Descent Effects
8. Dysrhythmias

Sinus Node Variants/Sinus Bradycardia/Sinus Tachycardia/ Sinus Arrhythmia/Sinus Arrhythmia Marked/Respiratory Sinus
Arrhythmia Marked with Premature Supraventricular Depolarizations/Sinus Pause with Junctional Escape/Sinus Arrest with
Junctional Escape/Wandering Atrial Pacemaker/Long QT Syndrome/Dysrhythmias/ Tachyarrhythmias/Bradyarrhythmias/
Irregular Rates Produced by Premature Depolarizations
9. Technology Behind Fetal Monitoring and Adjuncts to Fetal Assessment

External Fetal Monitor Signal Processing 434 Artifacts
Abbreviated Table of Contents