Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning

Radiographic positioning - comprehensive and concise!

Now in its second edition, Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning is a practical how-to guide that provides the
detailed information you need to reproducibly obtain high-quality radiographic images for optimal evaluation and
interpretation of normal, abnormal, and pathological anatomic findings. It shows positioning techniques for all
standard examinations in conventional radiology, with and without contrast, as well as basic positioning for CT and
MRI. For each type of study a double-page spread features an exemplary radiograph, positioning sketches, and helpful
information on imaging technique and parameters, criteria for the best radiographic view, and patient preparation.
Clearly organized to be used in day-to-day practice, the atlas serves as an ideal companion to Moeller and Reif's
Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy and their three-volume Pocket Atlas of Cross-Sectional Anatomy.

Highlights of the second edition:


New chapters on positioning in MRI and CT, including multislice CT

A greatly expanded section on mammography

Special features, including information on the advantages of a specific view, variations of positions, and practical
tips and tricks

Nearly 500 excellent radiographs and drawings demonstrating the relationship between correct patient positioning and
effective diagnostic images

Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning, Second Edition is an excellent desk or pocket reference for radiologists,
radiology residents, and for radiologic technicians.





1 Skull
Lines of Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Skull: PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Skull: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Paranasal Sinuses: Occipitomental Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Paranasal Sinuses: Occipitofrontal (PA) Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Orbits: PA Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Orbits: Rhese Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Mandible: Clementschitsch Projection (PA Projection). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Mandible: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chin: Ventrodorsal (AP) Projection. . . . . 20
Nasal Bones: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . 22
Zygomatic Arch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Occiput View, Towne Position Comparison View of the Petrous Bones: Altschul
osition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Cranial Base: Axial Projection (Rundstrom IV and Hirtz Technique). . . 30
Petrous Bones: Schuller Position. . . . . . . 32
Petrous Bones: Stenvers Position. . . . . . . 34
Petrous Bones: Mayer Position. . . . . . . . . 36
Sella: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1 Skull
2 Spine
Cervical Spine: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . 40
Cervical Spine: AP, Sitting,
Lower Jaw Moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Cervical Spine: Lateral Projection,
Seated Erect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cervical Spine: Oblique Projection, Seated Erect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Cervical Spine: Functional Views
(Flexion and Extension). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cervicothoracic Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Thoracic Spine: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . 52
Thoracic Spine: Lateral Projection. . . . . . 54
Lumbar Spine: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . . 56
Lumbar Spine: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . 58
Lumbar Spine: Oblique Projection,
Recumbent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Lumbar Spine: Functional Studies. . . . . . 62
Pelvis: AP, Standing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Iliac Wings (Letournel Projection)
of the Pelvis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Obturator View of the Pelvis. . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Sacroiliac Joints: Oblique Projection. . . . 70
Sacroiliac Joints: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . 72
Sacrum: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Sacrum and Coccyx:
Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3 Upper Extremity
Bony Hemithorax: AP, PA, Oblique. . . . . 78
Sternum: PA (Oblique Projection). . . . . . 82
Sternum: Lateral Projection. . . . . . . . . . .84
Acromioclavicular Joints, Bilateral:
AP Projection with Weight Bearing. . . . . 86
Clavicle: AP, Upright Position. . . . . . . . . . 88
Clavicle: Oblique (Tangential)
Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Acromioclavicular Joint:
AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Contents
aus: Moller u.a., Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning
(ISBN 9783131074423) ⓒ 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Scapula: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Scapula: Profile View
(Lateral Projection). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Shoulder Joint: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .100
Shoulder Joint: Axial Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .106
Shoulder Joint: Tangential Projection 108
Humerus: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .112
Humerus: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .114
Shoulder: Lateral Transthoracic Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .118
Elbow Joint: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .120
Elbow Joint: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .122
Elbow Joint: Axial Projection
(Ulnar Sulcus). . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .124
Special Views of the Radial Head and
of the Coronoid Process of the Ulna. . .. . .126
Forearm: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .128
Forearm: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .130
Hand: Dorsovolar (PA) Projection. . .. . .. . .132
Hand: Oblique Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .134
Hand: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .136
Wrist Joint: Dorsovolar (PA)
Projection. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .138
Wrist Joint: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .140
Carpal Tunnel. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .142
Navicular Bone: Four Views. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .144
Special View of the Pisiform Bone. . .. . .. . .148
Metacarpus: Oblique Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .150
Fingers: Dorsovolar (PA) Projection. . .. . .152
Fingers: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .154
Thumb: Volodorsal (AP) Projection. . .. . .156
Thumb: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .158
4 Lower Extremity
Hip: AP Projection. . . .. . .. . .. . .160
Hip Joint: Axial, Lauenstein
Projection. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .162
Femoral Head: Contour View,
Schneider Projection. . . .. . .. . .165
Hip: Axial Projection. . . .. . .. . .168
Femur: AP Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Femur: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .172
Knee Joint: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .174
Knee Joint: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .176
Tunnel View of the Knee Joint. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .178
Knee: AP and Lateral Stress Studies. . .. . .180
Patella: Defile View. . . .. . .. . .182
Lower Leg: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .184
Lower Leg: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .186
Posterior Foot and Lower Leg
Standing, Alignment View. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .188
Ankle Joint: AP Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .190
Ankle Joint: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .192
Ankle Joint: Oblique Projection
(Internal and External Rotation). . .. . .. . .. . .194
Stress Views of the Ankle. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .196
View of the Entire Foot. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .198
Foot: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .200
Calcaneus: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .202
Calcaneus: Axial Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .204
Forefoot (Midfoot): Dorsoplantar Projection. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .206
Foot: Oblique Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .208
Great Toe: Dorsoplantar Projection. . .. . .210
Toe: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .212
XI
Contents
aus: Moller u.a., Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning
(ISBN 9783131074423) ⓒ 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Intravenous Pyelogram. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .245
Galactography. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .248
7 Intravenous Examinations
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .234
Small Bowel Series:
Double-Contrast Studies. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .238
Colon: Contrast Enema Examination 241
6 Gastrointestinal Examinations
8 Angiographies
Digital Subtraction Angiography of the Cervical Vessels:
Peripheral Venous Injection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .250
DSA of Cervical Vessels:
Central Venous Injection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .252
DSA of Cervical Vessels:
Intra-arterial Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Peripheral Angiography of the
Pelvis and Lower Extremities. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .258
Venogram of the Leg. . . .. . .262
9 Computed Tomography
Planes in Computed Tomography. . .. . .. . .265
CT of the Head. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .266
CT of the Neck. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .268
CT of the Chest. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .272
CT of the Upper Abdomen. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .276
Combined Abdominal CT. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .280
CT of the Abdomen. . . .. . .. . .284
Combined Abdominal and Pelvic CT. .. .288
CT of the Pelvis. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .292
CT of the Cervical Spine. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .296
CT of the Lumbar Spine
(or Thoracic Spine). . . .. . .. . .. . .300
CT of the Lumbar Spine
(or Thoracic Spine), Spiral. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .304
CT of the Extremities. . . .. . .307
CT of the Extremities,
High Resolution. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .310
CT Angiography of the
Thoracic Vessels. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .314
CT Angiography of the Abdominal Vessels. . . . .. . .317
5 Other Noncontrast Diagnostic Studies
Chest: PA Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Chest: Lateral Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .216
Chest: Oblique Positions. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .218
Abdomen: Upright Projection. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .220
Abdomen: Supine Position. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .222
Abdomen: Lateral Decubitus Position 224
Cholecystography. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .226
Mammography. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .228
XII
Contents
aus: Moller u.a., Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning
(ISBN 9783131074423) ⓒ 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI of the Neurocranium. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .320
MRI of the Cervical Spine. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .330
MRI of the Lumbar Spine. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .335
MRI of the Chest. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .341
Upper Abdominal MRI (Liver). . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .344
MRI of the Pelvis. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .348
MRI of the Shoulder. . . .. . .. . .354
MRI of the Hip. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .357
MRI of the Knee. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .360
List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369
Index. . . . .. . .. . .371
XIII
Contents
aus: Moller u.a., Pocket Atlas of Radiographic Positioning
(ISBN 9783131074423) ⓒ 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag KG