Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation(4e)

Exercise Testing and Interpretation: An Overview
Why Measure Gas Exchange to Evaluate Cardiovascular Function and Cellular
Respiration?
Cardiac Stress Test and Pulmonary Stress Test: Nomenclature and Fallacies
Cell Respiration and Bioenergetics
Normal Coupling of External to Cellular Respiration
Quantifying State and Time Course of Cellular Respiration from Measurements Of
External Respiration
Patterns of Change in External Respiration (O2 Uptake and CO2 Output) as
Related to Function, Fitness
and Disease
Factors Limiting Exercise
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Pain
Evidence of Systemic Dysfunction Uniquely Revealed by Integrative
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Physiology of Exercise
Skeletal Muscle
Mechanical Properties and Fiber Types
Energetics
Oxygen Cost of Work
Work Efficiency
VO2 Non-Steady State
Lactate Increase
Lactate Increase as Related to Work Rate
Lactate Increase as Related to Time
Lactate Increase in Response to Increasing Work Rate
Mechanisms of Lactate Increase
Buffering the Exercise-induced Lactic Acidosis
The Anaerobic Threshold (AT) Concept
Identifying AT by Gas Exchange
Altered Physiological Responses to Exercise Above the AT
Anaerobic, Lactate and Lactic Acidosis Thresholds
Metabolic-Cardiovascular-Ventilatory Coupling
Cellular Respiration and High Energy Phosphate Regeneration
Cardiovascular Coupling to Metabolism: Muscle O2 Supply
Ventilatory Coupling to Metabolism
Effect of Dietary Substrate
Control of Breathing
Overview
Acid-Base Regulation
Physical Factors
Reflexes Regulating Breathing During Exercise
Gas Exchange Kinetics
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics
CO2 Output Kinetics
Measurements During Integrative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
What is an Integrative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test?
When Should Integrative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Be Used?
Measurements
Electrocardiogram
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) Maximum
Oxygen Uptake (Peak VO2)
Oxygen Uptake and Work Rate
Pattern of Work Rate Increase and the VO2 Response
Upward Displacement of VO2 as A Function of Work Rate
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
Anaerobic (Lactate, Lactic Acidosis) Threshold (AT, LT, LAT)
Heart Rate-Oxygen Uptake Relationship and Heart Rate Reserve
Oxygen Pulse (VO2/HR) and Stroke Volume
Arterial Blood Pressure

Breathing Reserve
Expiratory Flow Pattern
Tests of Uneven VA/Q
Arterial Bicarbonate and Acid-Base Response
Tidal Volume/Inspiratory Capacity Ratio (VT/IC)
Measurements Unique to Constant Work Rate Exercise Testing
Data Display and Interpretation
Pathophysiology of Disorders Limiting Exercise
Obesity
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Myopathic Heart Disease
Valvular Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease