Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

1 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors 1
1.1 General Considerations 1
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 1
Epidemiology 9
Clinical Material 10
1.2 Diagnosis 21
Neuropathology 21
Neurophysiology 24
Neuroradiology 33
1.3 Surgery 53
2 Treatment 60
2.1 Tumors of Glial Origin 60
Ependymoma 60
Astrocytoma 64
Other Gliomas 68
2.2 Malignant Tumors of Nonglial Origin 69
Metastases from Visceral Cancers 69
Melanoma 69
Lymphoma 69
2.3 Benign Tumors of Nonglial Origin 72
Hemangioblastoma 72
Lipoma 77
Neurinoma 80
Meningioma 81
2.4 Pseudotumors 81
Cavernoma 81
Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts 81
Pseudotumoral Cysts 82
Sarcoidosis 84
3 Results 85
3.1 Mortality and Complications 85
3.2 Functional Results 85
Sensory Deficits 86
Motor Deficits 87
Postoperative Spinal Deformity 88
Pain 89
Spasticity 90
Sphincter Dysfunction 90
3.3 Postoperative Outcome and Follow-Up 90
Neuroradiological Follow-Up 90
Relevance of Radiotherapy 93
Long-Term Follow-Up and Recurrences 99
Summary and Conclusions 105
References 106
Index 113